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Growth of Transplantable Human Tumors in the Chick Embryo and Hatched Chick^{* ,}

C. P. Dagg, David A. Karnofsky and Jacqueline Roddy

( Embryology Section, Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, N.Y.)

A comparison was made of the ability of three transplantable human tumors (Toolan's H.Ep. #3, H.S. #1, and H.Emb.Rh. #1) to metastasize when grown in eggs and of the ability of the H.Ep. #3 and H.S. #1 to grow when implanted into chicks after hatching.

The H.Ep. #3 metastasized with great regularity from either the chorioallantoic membrane or the yolk sac to the chick embryo proper, resulting in extensive infiltration of the major organs of the embryo. Neither the H.S. #1 nor the H.Emb.Rh. #1 showed any tendency to metastasize or to invade surrounding host tissues. Ninety per cent of the chicks that hatched from eggs bearing the H.Ep. #3 died within 5 weeks, with a median survival time of 8 days. Those dying during the first 2 weeks had tumors in the brain, liver, heart, and kidneys. Chicks that lived for longer periods usually developed massive tumors in the choroid layer of the eye and in the beak. Tumors in animals that survived longer than 3 weeks sometimes regressed completely, with little resultant effect on the chicken.

The H.Ep. #3, but not the H.S. #1, grew after subcutaneous implantation into 1- to 3-day-old chicks. The periodic administration of hydrocortisone acetate increased the number of successful takes from 18 per cent to 67 per cent. Every subcutaneous tumor that grew when implanted shortly after hatching eventually regressed, whether or not the host was treated with hydrocortisone. No tumors grew when inoculated on the 14th day post-hatching, either in steroid-treated or untreated chicks.

^* This investigation was supported by funds from the American Cancer Society, the Lasker Foundation, and by Grant C675 from the National Cancer Institute, U.S. Public Health Service.

A preliminary report of this work has been presented (8).

Public Health Research Fellow of the National Cancer Institute, U.S. Public Health Service.

Received 2/ 9/56.