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Carcinogenesis of the Skin

II. The Accelerating Properties of Aliphatic and Related Hydrocarbons^*

( Kettering Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine and Industrial Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio)

1. Solutions of polycyclic carcinogens in solvents having long-chain structures, e.g., n-dodecane and dodecylbenzene, induce tumors of the skin of mice at a much higher rate for a given concentration of carcinogen than do solutions in hydrocarbon solvents of lower molecular weight. Solutions in such accelerating solvents also show an unusual capacity to spread upon the skin. The available evidence indicates that these solvents, when free of polycyclic impurities, are completely noncarcinogenic for the skin of mice, although they are primary irritants.

2. The accelerating hydrocarbons are capable of preconditioning the skin of the C3H mouse, rendering it much more responsive to subsequent applications of a carcinogenic oil, particularly if this oil itself contains accelerating components.

3. The accelerating solvents are effective promoters of carcinogenesis initiated by a single experimental application of a carcinogenic material. The data show that the average number of applications of the accelerator before papillomas appear is independent of the frequency of application.

4. The possible role played by these accelerators in the induction of occupational cancer, e.g., scrotal cancer among mule spinners and wax pressmen, is pointed out.

5. The potency of 3-methylcholanthrene is not significantly different from that of benzo[a]pyrene when tested in nonaccelerating solvents at dosage rates low enough so that the average duration of tumor-free life exceeds 35 weeks.

^* This work was carried out in part as American Petroleum Institute Research Project MC-1, and in part as other projects sponsored by individual companies.

Received 6/21/56.

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