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Chemical Induction of Neoplasms in the Kidney of Rana pipiens^*

( Department of Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, New York)

Five organic compounds were injected directly into the kidney of Rana pipiens in an attempt to induce frog renal adenocarcinomas. Under general anesthesia open surgery facilitated the examination of the kidneys and insured a tumor-free condition. The following—3,4-benzpyrene (BP), 5,7-dimethyl-1,2-benzacridine (DMBA), and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)—had to be discontinued because of toxic effects. p-Aminoazobenzene (AB), and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (DBA) were well tolerated so that their effects could be evaluated. Ninety-five frogs were given injections of AB or DBA, out of which 62 lived longer than 3 weeks, the minimum time-span found to be required for a neoplastic kidney response.

At autopsy, white nodules were seen in the kidneys of 48 frogs; other organs, primarily the liver and lungs, were also frequently nodular. Histological examination of 37 animals showed that fifteen had developed typical renal adenocarcinomas, more than a threefold tumor incidence compared with the highest spontaneous tumor occurrence so far encountered under similar environmental conditions. Of these, three frogs demonstrated adenocarcinomas unilaterally on the injected kidney, and twelve kidneys revealed bilateral tumors. The tumor incidence was higher in females than in males. Histological and histochemical findings corresponded to those previously observed in the Lucké tumor.

^* This work was supported in part by a grant, DRG-751, from the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund for Cancer Research, Inc.

Received 6/25/64.