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Survey of Viral Oncology with Particular Reference to Lymphomas

National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Selected facts and leads recently reported from viral studies in animal and human leukemias and lymphomas are described and are discussed within the scientific framework of the Special Virus-Leukemia Program of the National Cancer Institute. Data from investigations with murine and avian leukemias, human acute leukemia, and in particular with Burkitt lymphoma patients and materials are presented which contribute to a conviction that sufficient knowledge, information, and technical capability now exist to plan and implement an intensified program, the main objectives of which are (a) to determine whether viruses comparable to those now known to be associated with avian and murine leukemia are etiologic agents of human leukemia, and (b) to develop an effective vaccine or other means for the prevention and/or control of human leukemia and lymphoma if such etiologic agents are found. The underlying program assumption—that at least 1 virus is an indispensable element for the induction (directly or indirectly) of at least 1 kind of human leukemia (including lymphoma) and that the virus persists in the diseased individual—is discussed in relation to apparent similarities between human leukemia and virus-induced animal leukemia.