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Action of Hydroxyurea on the Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Viability of HeLa Cells¹

Division of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021

Exposure of HeLa S-3 cells to 10^-3 M hydroxyurea for a period of 16 hr produced a loss of cell viability accompanied by an inhibition of DNA synthesis. Continued synthesis of RNA and protein suggests an unbalanced growth similar to that previously observed with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, excess thymidine, and 1-ß-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. A threefold increase in thymidine kinase activity was observed as a result of unbalanced growth following the exposure of cells to hydroxyurea. When cells were exposed to 10^-2 M hydroxyurea for short exposure times, however, appreciable loss of cell viability occurred only for those cells in the DNA synthetic phase.

¹ This work was aided by grants from the National Cancer Institute (CA 08748) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AT (30-1)-910).

Received 12/29/66. Accepted 3/27/67.