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Toxicologic Research on Substances from Fusarium nivale

Rikagaku Kenkyusho (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Yamato-Machi, Saitama, Japan

We have isolated a new toxic substance from moldy rice which was infected by Fusarium nivale. The toxic material was adsorbed on charcoal, eluted with methanol, and chromatographed on a Kieselgel column; it was eluted by a mixture of chloroform-methanol. We then obtained the white rectangular crystals, nivalenol. Nivalenol inhibits the protein synthesis of rabbit reticulocytes and DNA synthesis of HeLa cells and ascites tumor cells, but it does not inhibit the synthesis of RNA.

The LD₅₀ of nivalenol is 40 µg/10 gm injected i.p. into ddS mice. Pathologic changes included cell degeneration of bone marrow, lymph nodes, intestines, testes, and thymus. It induced radiomimetic damage in animal cells.