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Agglutination, Cytotoxicity, and Gel Diffusion Technics in Studies on Cell and Tissue Antigens¹

Department of Microbiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York

The serologic reactions discussed serve quite different purposes in the study of cell antigens. Agglutination and cytotoxicity tests are best suited to demonstrate reactions between insoluble cell surface antigens and their corresponding antibodies. This is why these procedures have been broadly employed for identification of isoantigens such as blood group and histocompatibility antigens. The double diffusion gel precipitation test is an exquisite analytic procedure for studies on soluble antigens and has been mostly employed for investigation of intracellular antigens reflecting organ and species specificity.

The limitations inherent in each of these are pointed out, and attempts aiming to overcome these limitations are discussed.

¹ Supported in part by USPHS Research Grant No. AI-06754 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and USPHS Grant No. CA-02357 from the National Cancer Institute.