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Selective Suppression of Humoral and Cellular Immunity with Cytosine Arabinoside¹

Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital 02908, and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912

The administration of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C; 20 or 40 mg/kg/day) to C3H/HeJ mice the first 5 days after the placement of a C57BL skin allograft had no significant effect on the rejection of that graft. However, if ara-C was administered in the same dosage on Days 6 to 10 after grafting, graft retention was significantly prolonged. In contrast, both 19 S and 7 S hemolysin plaque-forming cell responses of C3H/HeJ mice to sheep red blood cells were significantly inhibited by either early or late administration of ara-C. However, the 7 S hemolysin plaque-forming cell production was more sensitive to early than to late ara-C treatment. These results suggest that early or late regimens of treatment with ara-C might be valuable both experimentally and therapeutically in situations in which cell-mediated immune reaction are balanced in opposition to humoral blocking reactions. Such a balance has been proposed for tumor immunity and certain delayed hypersensitive phenomena.

¹ This work was supported by Grant GM 16538-03, USPHS (General Medical Sciences).

Received 8/19/71. Accepted 10/21/71.