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Effects of D-Glucosamine, D-Mannosamine, and 2-Deoxy-D-glucose on the Ultrastructure of Ascites Tumor Cells in Vitro¹

Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 [Z. M.], and Department of Medicine A, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, 666 Elm Street, Buffalo, New York 14203 [J. G. B.]

Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were treated in vitro with amino sugars, and the resulting changes were studied by light and electron microscopy. Addition of D-glucosamine or D-mannosamine to the incubation medium provoked striking cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. The earliest changes, seen after incubation for 15 min, included vacuolization of the cytoplasm and separation of the electron-lucent filamentous parts of the nucleolonema and nucleolar vacuole at the periphery of the nucleolus. As the time of incubation increased, vacuolization of the cytoplasm increased gradually, accompanied by retraction of the cytoplasm around the nucleus. After complete extrusion of its electron-lucent components, the nucleolus became condensed. At the end of 3 hr of incubation, 95% of the tumor cells had pycnotic, polymorphic, or disintegrating nuclei, and the nucleoli in nearly all the cells examined consisted almost exclusively of the compacted, granular, electron-dense nucleolonema. After 4 hr, most tumor cells exhibited various degrees of disintegration. Incubation of these tumor cell lines for 4 hr with 2-deoxyglucose resulted in no significant structural alteration in the ascites tumor cells.

¹ This study was supported in part by Grant P-401 from the American Cancer Society, and by USPHS Grants CA-05183 and GRS-FR-5367.

Received 9/28/71. Accepted 11/ 4/71.

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