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Immunotherapy of Established Micrometastases with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Tumor Cell Vaccine¹

Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute Frederick Cancer Research Center, Frederick, Maryland 21701

We evaluated the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin admixed with tumor cells as a vaccine to induce systemic tumor immunity for therapy of subclinical (micrometastatic) disease. In several experiments inbred strain 2 guinea pigs were given i.v. injections of either 10⁴, 10⁵, or 10⁶ syngeneic L10 hepatocarcinoma cells, and initial vaccinations were administered either 1 or 4 days after tumor inoculation. Variables in vaccine preparation, such as ratio of viable Bacillus Calmette-Guérin organisms to tumor cells, procedures for freezing the tumor cells, X-ray treatment of tumor cells, and vaccination regimen were evaluated. The studies demonstrated that under defined conditions nontumorigenic vaccines of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and tumor cells can cure the majority of animals of otherwise lethal visceral micrometastases.

¹ Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute under Contract NO1-CO-25423 with Litton Bionetics, Inc.

Received 8/10/77. Accepted 10/17/77.

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