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Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity of Nineteen Heterocyclic Mustards (ICR Compounds) in Cultured Mammalian Cells¹

University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences [J. C. F.] and Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [J. P. O., A. W. H.], Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, and The Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111 [R. M. P.]

The mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of 19 ICR compounds, including 6 reported previously, have been determined in the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase system. As with other physical and chemical agents, ICR 170 and 191 exhibit a phenotypic expression time of 7 to 9 days, independent of concentrations tested. Thirteen of these compounds are mutagenic. At equimolar concentrations, the compounds with the tertiary amine-type side chain (ICR 217, 340, 355, 368, 170, and 292) are more mutagenic than the compounds with the secondary amine-type side chain (ICR 449, 371, 191, and 372). All secondary amine types show a "plateau" in their concentration-dependent mutagenesis curves at 3 to 4 µM. Shortening of the side chain by one carbon (ICR 171) results in a reduced mutagenicity. Substitution of a sulfur atom for a nitrogen in the side chain (ICR 342) increases both mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. The presence of two 2-chloroethyl groups on the side chain (ICR 220) also results in greatly increased cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. When the 2-chloroethyl group of ICR 340, 372, 292, 191, or 170 is replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group (ICR 340-OH, 372-OH, 292-OH, 191-OH, or 170-OH), a mutagenically inactive compound results which remains toxic. Replacement of the amine linkage with an ether linkage (ICR 283) also yields a mutagenically inactive compound.

¹ Research supported jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency; the National Center for Toxicological Research; and the Office of Health and Environmental Research, United States Department of Energy, under Contract W-7405-eng-26 with the Union Carbide Corporation.

² Predoctoral Fellow supported by Grant CA 09104 from the National Cancer Institute. To whom reprint requests should be addressed.

Received 4/30/79. Accepted 9/10/79.

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