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Effects of Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide Treatment on Induction of Macrophage Cytotoxic Function in Mice

Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology [R. M. S., M. A. C., N. A. P.] and Office of the Director [J. N. S., A. G.], Division of Cancer Treatment, National Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20205

The effects of i.p. and s.c. Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide treatment of BALB/c x DBA/2 F₁ mice were studied alone and in combination with immunotherapeutic agents, pyran copolymer and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, on macrophage cytotoxic ability. As assessed by direct viable cell counts of MBL-2 leukemia cells, both Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide produced growth-inhibitory macrophages. This function after s.c. cytostatic treatment peaked at Day 1 and decreased progressively, attaining normal control values by Day 6. When adjuvants, such as pyran and B. Calmette-Guérin, were administered i.p. simultaneously with s.c. Adriamycin or cyclophosphamide, adjuvant-induced cytotoxic function was not markedly affected. A better knowledge of the influence of cytostatic agents alone or combined with immunoadjuvants on macrophage cytotoxic ability may be useful in designing more effective chemoimmunotherapy protocols.

¹ The work reported in this paper was undertaken during the tenure of an American Cancer Society-Eleanor Roosevelt-International Cancer Fellowship awarded by the International Union Against Cancer. Visiting scientist from the Oncological Research Institute, Medical Academy, 1156 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Received 1/17/79. Accepted 4/30/79.