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Effect of Dihydroxyanthraquinone and Radiation on G₂ Progression¹

Radiation Biology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66103

The effect of dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), a potential anticancer chemotherapeutic agent, on the progression of Chinese hamster ovary cells into mitosis and on the division delay induced by ionizing radiation was studied using the mitotic selection procedure for cell cycle analysis.

Following the addition of DHAQ, the number of mitotic cells selected from an asynchronous population remained unaltered for a refractory period and then decreased. This effect was concentration dependent with transition points between the S/G₂ boundary at 10^-4 µg/ml and the G₂/M boundary at 10² µg/ml. The duration of the transient division delay was dependent upon the concentration of drug used and the duration of pulse exposure.

When cells were treated with pulses of DHAQ in addition to X-irradiation, there was no change in the location of the radiation transition point. There was an increase in the duration of division delay compared to that produced by X-ray alone that was dependent upon the concentration and duration of drug treatment.

The effect of DHAQ is similar to that of other cancer chemotherapeutic agents (Adriamycin, bleomycin, and lucanthone), and the same cautions should therefore be considered when combining DHAQ and radiation for clinical use.

¹ Supported in part by Mid-America Cancer Center Program, National Cancer Institute Grant 5 P30 CA15080-04.

Received 4/30/79. Accepted 10/ 4/79.