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Metabolism in the F344 Rat of 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a Tobacco-specific Carcinogen¹

Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis, Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595

The metabolism of the tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), was studied in the F344 rat, in which it induces tumors of the nasal cavity, liver, and lung. When NNK was incubated with rat liver microsomes and a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system, metabolites resulting from -hydroxylation, carbonyl reduction, and N-oxidation were isolated. -Hydroxylation at the methylene carbon gave 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal, whereas -hydroxylation at the methyl carbon gave myosmine and 4-hydroxyl-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-one. The formation of these products involved the intermediacy of electrophilic diazohydroxides or carbonium ions which may be proximate or ultimate carcinogens of NNK. Carbonyl reduction gave 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol and N-oxidation yielded 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanone. When rats were gavaged with NNK, the microsomal products of -hydroxylation were not detected in the 48-hr urine. Compounds which presumably resulted from further oxidation or reduction of these products, 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid, 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid, and 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol, were isolated. 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanone were also urinary metabolites.

¹ This study was supported by Grant CA-12376 from the National Cancer Institute. This is Paper 31 of the series, "A Study of Chemical Carcinogenesis."

² Recipient of National Cancer Institute Research Career Development Award 5K04CA00124. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

³ Recipient of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Award ESO-2236.

Received 4/15/80. Accepted 8/ 1/80.

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