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Clinical Utility of Leukemia Cell Terminal Transferase Measurements¹

Section of Medical Oncology of the Evans Department of Clinical Research and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, [R.M.C., A.L., E.C., M.O.] the Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology of the Department of Pediatrics, Boston City Hospital, [M.O.], the Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology of the Sidney Farber Cancer Center and Children's Hospital Medical Center, [S.S.], and the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics of Boston University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02118

Interest in the DNA-synthetic enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has developed from two sets of observations: first, in normal animals, it occurs only in immature thymic lymphocytes and in a subpopulation of bone marrow lymphocytes; second, it is present in the blast cells of almost all patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A prospective trial to evaluate blast cell TdT as a predictor of responsiveness to vincristine and prednisone in 30 Philadelphia chromosome-positive patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia was undertaken. Eleven of 16 TdT-positive patients responded, whereas only one of 14 TdT-negative patients showed improvement. Among TdT-positive patients under the age of 50 years, the response rate was 78%. Enzyme-negative patients under the age of 50 had an 11% response rate. Blast cell morphology (i.e., lymphoblastic versus myeloblastic) had no significant correlation with either responsiveness or TdT activity. These results suggest that blast cell TdT activity may identify leukemic patients who are likely to respond to vincristine and prednisone irrespective of their conventional classification.

¹ Presented at the Conference on Cell Markers in Acute Leukemia, March 4 and 5, 1980, Bethesda, Md. This work was supported by Grants CA-18662, A-105877, FR-128, and CAL 19514 from the NIH.

² Recipient of Research Career Development Award CA-00099 from the NIH.