This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Rheinwald, J. G. Articles by Beckett, M. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Rheinwald, J. G. Articles by Beckett, M. A.

Tumorigenic Keratinocyte Lines Requiring Anchorage and Fibroblast Support Cultured from Human Squamous Cell Carcinomas¹

Division of Cell Growth and Regulation, Sidney Farber Cancer Institute [J. G. R., M. A. B.], and Department of Physiology, Harvard Medical School [J. G. R.], Boston, Massachusetts 02115

We have established cell lines from six human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the epidermis and tongue, using culture methods previously developed for clonal growth and serial cultivation of normal keratinocytes. The SCC lines all form rapidly growing, well-differentiated SCC's or progressively growing squamous cysts in nude mice. In contrast to normal keratinocytes, SCC cells form unstratified or very poorly stratifying colonies and do not require epidermal growth factor for sustained growth. The SCC lines vary in their requirement for a fibroblast feeder layer to support clonal growth, from complete independence to a dependence as absolute as normal keratinocytes possess. Only one line forms large, progressively growing colonies at high efficiency in semisolid medium; the other five lines exhibit only a small amount of abortive growth in semisolid medium, after which the cells appear to rapidly degenerate. These results demonstrate that SCC's often grow as established lines in culture, but they frequently possess in vitro growth requirements similar to those of normal keratinocytes. Consequently, neither semisolid medium nor standard surface culture media are appropriate for initiating primary SCC cultures or for selecting transformants out of carcinogen-treated keratinocyte populations, because they do not provide conditions permissive for the growth of many malignant keratinocytes.

¹ This investigation was supported by the Ellison Foundation, by Massachusetts Division of the American Cancer Society Grant 1492-C, and by National Cancer Institute Grants CA-26656 and CA-19589.

Received 8/22/80. Accepted 1/16/81.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. J. Lace, J. R. Anson, A. J. Klingelhutz, J. H. Lee, A. D. Bossler, T. H. Haugen, and L. P. Turek Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 18 Induces Extended Growth in Primary Human Cervical, Tonsillar, or Foreskin Keratinocytes More Effectively than Other High-Risk Mucosal HPVs J. Virol., November 15, 2009; 83(22): 11784 - 11794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Lace, C. Isacson, J. R. Anson, A. T. Lorincz, S. P. Wilczynski, T. H. Haugen, and L. P. Turek Upstream Regulatory Region Alterations Found in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV-16) Isolates from Cervical Carcinomas Increase Transcription, ori Function, and HPV Immortalization Capacity in Culture J. Virol., August 1, 2009; 83(15): 7457 - 7466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Lace, J. R. Anson, A. J. Klingelhutz, H. Harada, T. Taniguchi, A. D. Bossler, T. H. Haugen, and L. P. Turek Interferon-beta treatment increases human papillomavirus early gene transcription and viral plasmid genome replication by activating interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2009; 30(8): 1336 - 1344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. DANG and D. M. RAMOS Identification of {alpha}v{beta}6-Positive Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Anticancer Res, June 1, 2009; 29(6): 2043 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. RAMOS, D. DANG, and S. SADLER The Role of the Integrin {alpha}v{beta}6 in Regulating the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer Anticancer Res, January 1, 2009; 29(1): 125 - 130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Yu, D. G. Ryan, S. Getsios, M. Oliveira-Fernandes, A. Fatima, and R. M. Lavker MicroRNA-184 antagonizes microRNA-205 to maintain SHIP2 levels in epithelia PNAS, December 9, 2008; 105(49): 19300 - 19305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Morris, C. W. Dawson, W. Wei, J. D. O'Neil, S. E. Stewart, J. Jia, A. I. Bell, L. S. Young, and J. R. Arrand Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 induces a hyperproliferative and inflammatory gene expression programme in cultured keratinocytes J. Gen. Virol., November 1, 2008; 89(11): 2806 - 2820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Lace, J. R. Anson, L. P. Turek, and T. H. Haugen Functional Mapping of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1 Cistron J. Virol., November 1, 2008; 82(21): 10724 - 10734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Lace, J. R. Anson, G. S. Thomas, L. P. Turek, and T. H. Haugen The E8{wedge}E2 Gene Product of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Represses Early Transcription and Replication but Is Dispensable for Viral Plasmid Persistence in Keratinocytes J. Virol., November 1, 2008; 82(21): 10841 - 10853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-H. Chou and J.D. Walters Clarithromycin Transport by Gingival Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells Journal of Dental Research, August 1, 2008; 87(8): 777 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Diamond, L. Sun, A. J. Ottaviano, M. J. Joseph, and H. G. Munshi Differential growth factor regulation of N-cadherin expression and motility in normal and malignant oral epithelium J. Cell Sci., July 1, 2008; 121(13): 2197 - 2207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. W. Dawson, L. Laverick, M. A. Morris, G. Tramoutanis, and L. S. Young Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded LMP1 Regulates Epithelial Cell Motility and Invasion via the ERK-MAPK Pathway J. Virol., April 1, 2008; 82(7): 3654 - 3664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Sun, M. E. Diamond, A. J. Ottaviano, M. J. Joseph, V. Ananthanarayan, and H. G. Munshi Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Promotes Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Mediated Oral Cancer Invasion through Snail Expression Mol. Cancer Res., January 1, 2008; 6(1): 10 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.R. Fitzgerald and J.D. Walters Accumulation of Topical Naproxen by Cultured Oral Epithelium Journal of Dental Research, August 1, 2007; 86(8): 775 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Y. Zhang, A. E. Adams, T. W. Ridky, S. Tao, and P. A. Khavari Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1/c-Jun-NH2-Kinase Signaling Promotes Human Neoplasia Cancer Res., April 15, 2007; 67(8): 3827 - 3834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. K.S. Ku, D. C. Nguyen, M. Karaman, P. Gill, J. G. Hacia, and D. L. Crowe Loss of p53 Expression Correlates with Metastatic Phenotype and Transcriptional Profile in a New Mouse Model of Head and Neck Cancer Mol. Cancer Res., April 1, 2007; 5(4): 351 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Honma, M. Stubbs, I. Collins, P. Workman, W. Aherne, and F. M. Watt Identification of Novel Keratinocyte Differentiation Modulating Compounds by High-Throughput Screening J Biomol Screen, December 1, 2006; 11(8): 977 - 984. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. D. Hunter, J. K. Thurlow, J. Fleming, P. J.H. Drake, J. K. Vass, G. Kalna, D. J. Higham, P. Herzyk, D. G. MacDonald, E. K. Parkinson, et al. Divergent routes to oral cancer. Cancer Res., August 1, 2006; 66(15): 7405 - 7413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Natarajan, J. D. Omobono II, Z. Guo, S. Hopkinson, A. J.F. Lazar, T. Brenn, J. C. Jones, and J. G. Rheinwald A Keratinocyte Hypermotility/Growth-Arrest Response Involving Laminin 5 and p16INK4A Activated in Wound Healing and Senescence Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2006; 168(6): 1821 - 1837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Ghosh, J. J. Johnson, R. Sen, S. Mukhopadhyay, Y. Liu, F. Zhang, Y. Wei, H. A. Chapman, and M. S. Stack Functional Relevance of Urinary-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor-{alpha}3beta1 Integrin Association in Proteinase Regulatory Pathways J. Biol. Chem., May 12, 2006; 281(19): 13021 - 13029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Wen and T. Walle Preferential induction of CYP1B1 by benzo[a]pyrene in human oral epithelial cells: impact on DNA adduct formation and prevention by polyphenols Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2005; 26(10): 1774 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. G. Hubert Variant Upstream Regulatory Region Sequences Differentially Regulate Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA Replication throughout the Viral Life Cycle J. Virol., May 15, 2005; 79(10): 5914 - 5922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Iyer, K. Pumiglia, and C. M. DiPersio {alpha}3{beta}1 integrin regulates MMP-9 mRNA stability in immortalized keratinocytes: a novel mechanism of integrin-mediated MMP gene expression J. Cell Sci., March 15, 2005; 118(6): 1185 - 1195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Allen, L. S. Young, and C. W. Dawson The Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded LMP2A and LMP2B Proteins Promote Epithelial Cell Spreading and Motility J. Virol., February 1, 2005; 79(3): 1789 - 1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Walle, A. M. Browning, L. L. Steed, S. G. Reed, and U. K. Walle Flavonoid Glucosides Are Hydrolyzed and Thus Activated in the Oral Cavity in Humans J. Nutr., January 1, 2005; 135(1): 48 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Knight, J. R. Grainger, P. H. Gallimore, and S. Roberts Cooperation between Different Forms of the Human Papillomavirus Type 1 E4 Protein To Block Cell Cycle Progression and Cellular DNA Synthesis J. Virol., December 15, 2004; 78(24): 13920 - 13933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. G. Munshi, Y. I. Wu, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. J. Ottaviano, A. Sassano, J. E. Koblinski, L. C. Platanias, and M. S. Stack Differential Regulation of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity by ERK 1/2- and p38 MAPK-modulated Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 Expression Controls Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1-induced Pericellular Collagenolysis J. Biol. Chem., September 10, 2004; 279(37): 39042 - 39050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Lorch, J. Klessner, J. K. Park, S. Getsios, Y. L. Wu, M. S. Stack, and K. J. Green Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition Promotes Desmosome Assembly and Strengthens Intercellular Adhesion in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 27, 2004; 279(35): 37191 - 37200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Manohar, S. G. Shome, J. Lamar, L. Stirling, V. Iyer, K. Pumiglia, and C. M. DiPersio {alpha}3{beta}1 integrin promotes keratinocyte cell survival through activation of a MEK/ERK signaling pathway J. Cell Sci., August 15, 2004; 117(18): 4043 - 4054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Mukhopadhyay, H. G. Munshi, S. Kambhampati, A. Sassano, L. C. Platanias, and M. S. Stack Calcium-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene Expression Is Differentially Regulated by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in Oral Keratinocytes and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma J. Biol. Chem., August 6, 2004; 279(32): 33139 - 33146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Hu, D. Dang, J. Regezi, B. L. Schmidt, A. Atakilit, B. Chen, D. Ellis, and D. M. Ramos {alpha}v{beta}6-Fyn Signaling Promotes Oral Cancer Progression J. Biol. Chem., October 24, 2003; 278(43): 41646 - 41653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Rea, J. P. Gregg, Q. Qin, M. A. Phillips, and R. H. Rice Global alteration of gene expression in human keratinocytes by inorganic arsenic Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2003; 24(4): 747 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Evans, V. C. Perkins, A. Henry, P. E. Stephens, M. K. Robinson, and F. M. Watt A tumor-associated {beta}1 integrin mutation that abrogates epithelial differentiation control J. Cell Biol., February 18, 2003; 160(4): 589 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Basile, A. Eichten, V. Zacny, and K. Munger NF-{kappa}B-Mediated Induction of p21Cip1/Waf1 by Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Induces Growth Arrest and Cytoprotection in Normal Human Keratinocytes Mol. Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 1(4): 262 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Sierig, C. Cywes, M. R. Wessels, and C. D. Ashbaugh Cytotoxic Effects of Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S Enhance the Virulence of Poorly Encapsulated Group A Streptococci Infect. Immun., January 1, 2003; 71(1): 446 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. McGregor, A. Muntoni, J. Fleming, J. Brown, D. H. Felix, D. G. MacDonald, E. K. Parkinson, and P. R. Harrison Molecular Changes Associated with Oral Dysplasia Progression and Acquisition of Immortality: Potential for Its Reversal by 5-Azacytidine Cancer Res., August 15, 2002; 62(16): 4757 - 4766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Krig, R. A. S. Chandraratna, M. M. J. Chang, R. Wu, and R. H. Rice Gene-Specific TCDD Suppression of RAR{alpha}- and RXR-Mediated Induction of Tissue Transglutaminase Toxicol. Sci., July 1, 2002; 68(1): 102 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Serewko, C. Popa, A. L. Dahler, L. Smith, G. M. Strutton, W. Coman, A. J. Dicker, and N. A. Saunders Alterations in Gene Expression and Activity during Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development Cancer Res., July 1, 2002; 62(13): 3759 - 3765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. G. Hubert and L. A. Laimins Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Replication Modes during the Early Phases of the Viral Life Cycle Depend on Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of E1 and E2 Expression J. Virol., March 1, 2002; 76(5): 2263 - 2273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Cavacini, M. Duval, J. P. Eder, and M. R. Posner Evidence of Determinant Spreading in the Antibody Responses to Prostate Cell Surface Antigens in Patients Immunized with Prostate-specific Antigen Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2002; 8(2): 368 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Terhune, W. G. Hubert, J. T. Thomas, and L. A. Laimins Early Polyadenylation Signals of Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Negatively Regulate Capsid Gene Expression J. Virol., September 1, 2001; 75(17): 8147 - 8157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Aznavoorian, B. A. Moore, L. D. Alexander-Lister, S. L. Hallit, L. J. Windsor, and J. A. Engler Membrane Type I-Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Degradation of Type I Collagen by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Cancer Res., August 1, 2001; 61(16): 6264 - 6275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-H. Kee and P. M. Steinert Microtubule Disruption in Keratinocytes Induces Cell-Cell Adhesion through Activation of Endogenous E-Cadherin Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2001; 12(7): 1983 - 1993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Stubenrauch, T. Zobel, and T. Iftner The E8 Domain Confers a Novel Long-Distance Transcriptional Repression Activity on the E8^E2C Protein of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type 31 J. Virol., May 1, 2001; 75(9): 4139 - 4149. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				N. Akhtar and N. A. Hotchin RAC1 Regulates Adherens Junctions through Endocytosis of E-Cadherin Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2001; 12(4): 847 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. D. Newhouse and S. J. Silverstein Orientation of a Novel DNA Binding Site Affects Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Transcription and Replication J. Virol., February 15, 2001; 75(4): 1722 - 1735. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				N. Hail Jr. and R. Lotan Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Is a Central Coordinating Event in N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide-induced Apoptosis Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2000; 9(12): 1293 - 1301. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. Langlands, G. A. Down, and T. Kealey Id Proteins Are Dynamically Expressed in Normal Epidermis and Dysregulated in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer Res., November 1, 2000; 60(21): 5929 - 5933. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. R. Krig and R. H. Rice TCDD Suppression of Tissue Transglutaminase Stimulation by Retinoids in Malignant Human Keratinocytes Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2000; 56(2): 357 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Dickson, W. C. Hahn, Y. Ino, V. Ronfard, J. Y. Wu, R. A. Weinberg, D. N. Louis, F. P. Li, and J. G. Rheinwald Human Keratinocytes That Express hTERT and Also Bypass a p16INK4a-Enforced Mechanism That Limits Life Span Become Immortal yet Retain Normal Growth and Differentiation Characteristics Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2000; 20(4): 1436 - 1447. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				F. Stubenrauch, M. Hummel, T. Iftner, and L. A. Laimins The E8 ˆE2C Protein, a Negative Regulator of Viral Transcription and Replication, Is Required for Extrachromosomal Maintenance of Human Papillomavirus Type 31 in Keratinocytes J. Virol., February 1, 2000; 74(3): 1178 - 1186. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Levy, S. Broad, D. Diekmann, R. D. Evans, and F. M. Watt beta 1 Integrins Regulate Keratinocyte Adhesion and Differentiation by Distinct Mechanisms Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2000; 11(2): 453 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. DiPersio, M Shao, L Di Costanzo, J. Kreidberg, and R. Hynes Mouse keratinocytes immortalized with large T antigen acquire alpha3beta1 integrin-dependent secretion of MMP-9/gelatinase B J. Cell Sci., January 8, 2000; 113(16): 2909 - 2921. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Detmar, P. Velasco, L. Richard, K. P. Claffey, M. Streit, L. Riccardi, M. Skobe, and L. F. Brown Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces an Invasive Phenotype in Human Squamous Cell Carcinomas Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2000; 156(1): 159 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Owens, G. W. McLean, A. W. Wyke, C. Paraskeva, E. K. Parkinson, M. C. Frame, and V. G. Brunton The Catalytic Activity of the Src Family Kinases Is Required to Disrupt Cadherin-dependent Cell-Cell Contacts Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2000; 11(1): 51 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. A. Koopman, K. Szuhai, J. D. H. van Eendenburg, V. Bezrookove, G. G. Kenter, E. Schuuring, H. Tanke, and G. Jan Fleuren Recurrent Integration of Human Papillomaviruses 16, 45, and 67 Near Translocation Breakpoints in New Cervical Cancer Cell Lines Cancer Res., November 1, 1999; 59(21): 5615 - 5624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Oettgen, K. Kas, A. Dube, X. Gu, F. Grall, U. Thamrongsak, Y. Akbarali, E. Finger, J. Boltax, G. Endress, et al. Characterization of ESE-2, a Novel ESE-1-related Ets Transcription Factor That Is Restricted to Glandular Epithelium and Differentiated Keratinocytes J. Biol. Chem., October 8, 1999; 274(41): 29439 - 29452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Bernerd, A. Sarasin, and T. Magnaldo Galectin-7 overexpression is associated with the apoptotic process in UVB-induced sunburn keratinocytes PNAS, September 28, 1999; 96(20): 11329 - 11334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Alani, J. Hasskarl, M. Grace, M.-C. Hernandez, M. A. Israel, and K. Munger Immortalization of primary human keratinocytes by the helix-loop-helix protein, Id-1 PNAS, August 17, 1999; 96(17): 9637 - 9641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Shintani, K. Matsuo, C. C. Crohin, J. McBride, T. Tsuji, R. B. Donoff, M. Posner, R. Todd, and D. T.W. Wong Intragenic Mutation Analysis of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Gene in Malignant Human Oral Keratinocytes Cancer Res., August 1, 1999; 59(16): 4142 - 4147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Streit, P. Velasco, L. F. Brown, M. Skobe, L. Richard, L. Riccardi, J. Lawler, and M. Detmar Overexpression of Thrombospondin-1 Decreases Angiogenesis and Inhibits the Growth of Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 1999; 155(2): 441 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Thomas, W. G. Hubert, M. N. Ruesch, and L. A. Laimins Human papillomavirus type 31 oncoproteins E6 and E7 are required for the maintenance of episomes during the viral life cycle in normal human keratinocytes PNAS, July 20, 1999; 96(15): 8449 - 8454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D.L. Crowe, G.E. Milo, and C.E. Shuler Keratin 19 Downregulation by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines Increases Invasive Potential Journal of Dental Research, June 1, 1999; 78(6): 1256 - 1263. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. A. Ozbun and C. Meyers Two Novel Promoters in the Upstream Regulatory Region of Human Papillomavirus Type 31b Are Negatively Regulated by Epithelial Differentiation J. Virol., April 1, 1999; 73(4): 3505 - 3510. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. Bleuel, S. Popp, N. E. Fusenig, E. J. Stanbridge, and P. Boukamp Tumor suppression in human skin carcinoma cells by chromosome 15 transfer or thrombospondin-1 overexpression through halted tumor vascularization PNAS, March 2, 1999; 96(5): 2065 - 2070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. G. Hubert, T. Kanaya, and L. A. Laimins DNA Replication of Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Is Modulated by Elements of the Upstream Regulatory Region That Lie 5' of the Minimal Origin J. Virol., March 1, 1999; 73(3): 1835 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. J. McCawley, S. Li, E. V. Wattenberg, and L. G. Hudson Sustained Activation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway. A MECHANISM UNDERLYING RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE SPECIFICITY FOR MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 INDUCTION AND CELL MIGRATION J. Biol. Chem., February 12, 1999; 274(7): 4347 - 4353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Cuthbert, J. Bond, D. A. Trott, S. Gill, J. Broni, A. Marriott, G. Khoudoli, E. K. Parkinson, C. S. Cooper, and R. F. Newbold Telomerase Repressor Sequences on Chromosome 3 and Induction of Permanent Growth Arrest in Human Breast Cancer Cells J Natl Cancer Inst, January 6, 1999; 91(1): 37 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Saunders, A. Dicker, C. Popa, S. Jones, and A. Dahler Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Potential Anti-Skin Cancer Agents Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 59(2): 399 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. W. Dawson, J. Dawson, R. Jones, K. Ward, and L. S. Young Functional Differences between BHRF1, the Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Bcl-2 Homologue, and Bcl-2 in Human Epithelial Cells J. Virol., November 1, 1998; 72(11): 9016 - 9024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Ozbun and C. Meyers Temporal Usage of Multiple Promoters during the Life Cycle of Human Papillomavirus Type 31b J. Virol., April 1, 1998; 72(4): 2715 - 2722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Phillips New Skin for Old: Developments in Biological Skin Substitutes Arch Dermatol, March 1, 1998; 134(3): 344 - 349. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Jones, R. M. Alani, and K. Munger The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein can uncouple cellular differentiation and proliferation in human keratinocytes by abrogating p21Cip1-mediated inhibition of cdk2 Genes & Dev., August 15, 1997; 11(16): 2101 - 2111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Iuchi and H. Green Nuclear localization of basonuclin in human keratinocytes and the role of phosphorylation PNAS, July 22, 1997; 94(15): 7948 - 7953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Nakagawa, T. Inomoto, and A. K. Rustgi A CACCC Box-like cis-Regulatory Element of the Epstein-Barr Virus ED-L2 Promoter Interacts with a Novel Transcriptional Factor in Tissue-specific Squamous Epithelia J. Biol. Chem., June 27, 1997; 272(26): 16688 - 16699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. A. M. D.-V. Oorschot, D. F. Fischer, J. M. Grimbergen, B. Klein, S.-M. Zhuang, J. H. F. Falkenburg, C. Backendorf, P. H. A. Quax, A. J. Van der Eb, and M. H. M. Noteborn Apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal cells PNAS, May 27, 1997; 94(11): 5843 - 5847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. A. Joe, E. C. Wolff, and M. H. Park Cloning and Expression of Human Deoxyhypusine Synthase cDNA J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 1995; 270(38): 22386 - 22392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. M. Harari, L. Contreras, M. A. Pickart, M. A. Ritter, and T. J. Kinsella Modulation of Proliferation Kinetics in Human Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, July 1, 1993; 119(7): 738 - 742. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. P. U. Wustrow, A. Raffael, and G. Valet Cytotoxic Drug Testing in Head and Neck Cancer by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, October 1, 1986; 112(10): 1078 - 1084. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Ghosh, R. Brown, J. C. R. Jones, S. M. Ellerbroek, and M. S. Stack Urinary-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Expression and uPA Receptor Localization Are Regulated by alpha 3beta 1 Integrin in Oral Keratinocytes J. Biol. Chem., July 28, 2000; 275(31): 23869 - 23876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Basile, V. Zacny, and K. Munger The Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) and TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Differentially Modulate Proliferation and Apoptotic Pathways in Human Keratinocytes Expressing the Human Papillomavirus-16 E7 Oncoprotein J. Biol. Chem., June 15, 2001; 276(25): 22522 - 22528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]