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Serum Vitamin Levels and the Risk of Cancer of Specific Sites in Men of Japanese Ancestry in Hawaii¹

Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 [A. M. Y. N., G. N. S., L. K. H.], and Hoffmann-La Roche & Co., Vitamin Research Department, Basle, Switzerland [R. M. S., J. P. V.]

Serum specimens were obtained from over 6800 men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii from 1971 to 1975. Since then, the following numbers of newly diagnosed cancer cases have been identified: 81 colon, 74 lung, 70 stomach, 32 recturn, and 27 urinary bladder. The stored sera of the cases and 302 controls were tested to determine their ß-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E levels. There was no association of either vitamin A or E with any of the cancers. For serum ß-carotene, there was a significant association only with lung cancer (20.0 µg/dl in cases versus 29.0 in controls, P < 0.005). The lung cancer odds ratio for men in the lowest quintile of ß-carotene was 3.4 relative to men in the highest quintile. These findings suggest that a low serum ß-carotene level is a predictor of increased lung cancer risk in men.

¹ Supported by Contract N01 CP 61060 and Grant R01 CA 33644 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20205.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini St., Honolulu, HI 96817.

Received 8/27/84. Revised 12/26/84. Accepted 1/14/85.

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