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Multidrug (Pleiotropic) Resistance in Doxorubicin-selected Variants of the Human Sarcoma Cell Line MES-SA¹

Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305

The emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells is a major limiting factor in cancer chemotherapy. There is little information about the nature of such resistant variants among human cancer cell populations. Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant sublines of the human sarcoma cell line MES-SA were selected by continuous in vitro exposure to DOX. Stepwise increases in DOX concentration produced variants which were 25- and 100-fold resistant to DOX. These sublines displayed marked cross-resistance to daunorubicin, dactinomycin, mitoxantrone, colchicine, vincristine, vinblastine, and etoposide and moderate resistance to mitomycin C and melphalan. Cross-resistance was not observed, however, to methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, carmustine, or cisplatin. DOX resistance in these cell lines appeared to be stable despite long periods of growth in drug-free medium. Two additional marker chromosomes were identified in the 100-fold resistant variant, which indicated clonal selection during drug exposure, but no double minute chromosomes or homogeneously staining regions were noted. Doxorubicin accumulation in the DOX-resistant cells was reduced by approximately 50% compared to that of the sensitive MES-SA cells, as a result of enhanced efflux of DOX from the resistant cells. There was no evidence of appreciable DOX metabolism by either the sensitive or resistant cells. These studies demonstrate marked DOX resistance and multidrug resistance arising in a human sarcoma line during exposure to DOX. The pleiotropic nature of this resistance is similar to that described in other models. Decreased drug accumulation due to enhanced drug efflux is identified as a major mechanism of resistance in these cells, although other factors may also be involved.

¹ This work was supported by NIH Grant CA 33303 and American Cancer Society Grant CH-323. A preliminary report has been presented at the 1984 meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.

² Recipient of an Institutional National Research Service Award in Clinical Pharmacology, USPHS GM-07065. Present address: Medical Oncology Division, VA Medical Center, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84184.

³ Recipient of a faculty development award in Clinical pharmacology from the Pharmamaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Oncology Division, Room M-211, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305.

Received 7/23/84. Revised 4/19/85. Accepted 6/12/85.

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