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Carcinogenicity of Dietary Aflatoxin M₁ in Male Fischer Rats Compared to Aflatoxin B₁¹

Departments of Veterinary Pathology [J. M. C.] and Anatomy [D. M. H.], School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine [B. H. R., L. S. H.], and Department of Environmental Toxicology [D. P. H.], University of California, Davis, California 95616

Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM), an hydroxy metabolite of the potent carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B₁ (AFB) is frequently found in milk and other dairy products. Sufficient amounts of AFM were produced to study the carcinogenicity of this compound. AFM was fed to male Fischer rats starting at 7 weeks up to 21 months of age. Agar-based semisynthetic diets contained 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 µg/kg of AFM or 50 µg/kg of AFB. Hepatocellular carcinomas were detected in two of 37 rats and neoplastic nodules were found in six of 37 rats fed 50 µg/kg AFM between 19 and 21 months. No nodules or carcinomas were observed in the lower AFM dose groups. Nineteen of 20 rats fed a diet containing 50 µg/kg of AFB developed hepatocellular carcinomas by 19 months of age. Carcinogenic potency of the aflatoxins was reflected by morphometric quantitation of foci detected in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Three rats fed the diet containing 50 µg/kg AFM developed intestinal carcinomas. None were observed in other groups. Under the conditions of this experiment AFM was found to be a weak hepatic carcinogen compared to AFB and to possess intestinal carcinogenicity.

¹ This investigation was supported by USPHS Grant CA 27426 and also USDA Western Regional Research Project W-122 and the Dairy Council of California.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at North Carolina State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology Department, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606.

Received 7/ 3/86. Revised 12/ 4/86. Accepted 12/23/86.

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