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Comparison of the Localization of Chromosome Damage Induced by Calcium Chromate and Nickel Compounds¹

Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77025 [P. S.], and Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 [K. C., M. C.]

Chromosomal aberrations were studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells and in C3H10T cells following treatment with NiCl₂, crystalline NiS, and CaCrO₄. All three compounds caused an increase in chromosomal aberrations in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The chromosomal aberrations induced by NiCl₂, and crystalline NiS occurred predominantly in heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes. Additionally, treatment of cells with crystalline NiS and to a smaller extent long-term treatment with NiCl₂ caused a preferential effect on the condensation state of the heterochromatic long arm of the X-chromosome in hamster cells. In contrast, treatment of cells with CaCrO₄ did not induce aberrations preferentially in heterochromatin. These results are interesting because nickel(II), which is thought to be the ultimate carcinogen of nickel compounds, binds poorly to DNA, is weakly mutagenic, but induces chromosome damage, probably because of its interaction with nuclear proteins in heterochromatin. Chromate binds to DNA, is mutagenic, and interacts with chromatin randomly.

¹ Primary support for this work was provided by Grant R812127 from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support was also provided by Grant CA43070 from the National Cancer Institute, by Center Grant ES00260 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Center Grant CA13343 from the National Cancer Institute, and Grant 00009 from the American Cancer Society.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016.

Received 6/10/86. Revised 9/19/86. Revised 12/11/86. Accepted 1/12/87.

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