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Differential Cell Photosensitivity following Porphyrin Photodynamic Therapy¹

Clayton Ocular Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, and Departments of Pediatrics [C. J. G.], Radiation Oncology [C. J. G.] and Ophthalmology [A. L. M.], University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90027

Experiments were performed to determine if differences in porphyrin photosensitivity could be observed for cells with varying efficiency in DNA damage repair, as well as for cells which make up components of the vasculature. Photofrin II is undergoing current clinical evaluation for photodynamic therapy of solid tumors, and therefore the retention, dark toxicity, and photosensitizing effects of this drug on human DNA repair-deficient fibroblasts (ataxia telangiectasia and xeroderma pigmentosum) were compared to normal human fibroblasts. In addition, bovine cells of endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast origin were compared for porphyrin retention, toxicity, and photosensitivity. All human fibroblasts exhibited porphyrin-induced dark toxicity, but there were no significant differences in photosensitization or porphyrin retention for any of these cell lines. However, bovine endothelial cells were considerably more photosensitive than smooth muscle or fibroblast cells treated under identical conditions. All bovine cells accumulated similar levels of porphyrin, and therefore the increased sensitivity of the endothelial cells was not due to differences in porphyrin retention. These results provide additional evidence that nuclear damage and/or repair is not a dominant factor in the cytotoxicity induced by porphyrin photosensitization. In addition, these results indicate that endothelial cell photosensitivity may play a role in the vascular damage observed following photodynamic therapy.

¹ This investigation was performed in conjunction with the Clayton Foundation for Research and was supported in part by USPHS Grants CA-31230 and CA-44733 awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Resources.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at Clayton Ocular Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027.

Received 2/25/88. Revised 5/ 5/88. Accepted 5/20/88.

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