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Cytogenetic and Phenotypic Analysis of a Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line Resistant to Mitoxantrone¹

Departments of Medicine [W. S. D., D. S. A.] and Radiation Oncology [A. E. C., J. M. T.], Cancer Center Division, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724

A human colon carcinoma cell line selected for a 21-fold resistance to mixtoxantrone was cross-resistant to the anthracycline, doxorubicin, but not to the anthracene, bisantrene. A 2-fold resistance was observed with vinblastine, another drug associated with multidrug resistance. Net intracellular mitoxantrone and doxorubicin accumulation were decreased at 1 h for all dose levels in the resistant cell line compared to the sensitive cell line. Although the resistant cells were more resistant to mitoxantrone than doxorubicin, the net accumulation of mitoxantrone was only 19% less than the sensitive cell line; whereas doxorubicin accumulation was decreased by 49%. No significant difference between the sensitive and resistant cell lines was observed in the initial accumulation of mitoxantrone; however, the efflux of mitoxantrone was increased in the resistant cell line. Verapamil did not overcome the resistance to mitoxantrone and did not increase the net accumulation of drug. No alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of membrane proteins were observed. Using immunoblotting techniques, the resistant cell line did not express P-glycoprotein which is frequently observed for cells resistant to anthracycline antibiotics. Cytogenetic analysis showed a putative homogenously staining region on the short arm of chromosome 7 in the resistant cell line. The limited cross-resistant phenotype, lack of verapamil reversal, nondetection of P-glycoprotein, and cytogenetic evidence of gene amplification suggests that involvement of a novel drug-resistant gene associated with resistance to mitoxantrone.

¹ This study was supported in part by Grants CA-17904, CA-23074, and CA-43043 from the National Cancer Institute, and a grant from the Del Webb Foundation.

² Recipient of the faculty development award in clinical pharmacology from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at the College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Pharmacology Research Program, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724.

Received 1/ 2/87. Revised 11/13/87. Accepted 12/17/87.

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