| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Department of Cell Biology [C. A. O., N. E. W.], Community Oncology Program [V. G. V.], and Department of General Surgery [S. E. S.], The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
The Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), is a critical enzyme in the regulation of cell growth. In this report, we demonstrate elevated expression of PKC activity in surgical specimens of eight of nine spontaneous human breast tumors, as compared with the expression of PKC activity in normal breast tissue obtained from the same patients. The mean PKC specific activity in histologically normal breast tissue was 166 ± 63 pmol 32P/min/mg, whereas the mean PKC specific activity in the breast tumors was 460 ± 182 pmol 32P/min/mg (P = 0.0003; Student's t test). The low interpatient variability among the PKC levels observed in the histologically normal breast tissue specimens and the significant elevation of PKC levels observed in the tumors indicate that elevated expression of PKC activity in breast tissue is a potential marker for malignant disease in the breast.
1 This research was supported by National Cancer Institute Core Grant CA16672 to the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.
Received 10/11/88. Revised 2/16/89. Accepted 3/21/89.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Podar, M. S. Raab, J. Zhang, D. McMillin, I. Breitkreutz, Y.-T. Tai, B. K. Lin, N. Munshi, T. Hideshima, D. Chauhan, et al. Targeting PKC in multiple myeloma: in vitro and in vivo effects of the novel, orally available small-molecule inhibitor enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) Blood, February 15, 2007; 109(4): 1669 - 1677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sharkey, T. Khong, and A. Spencer PKC412 demonstrates JNK-dependent activity against human multiple myeloma cells Blood, February 15, 2007; 109(4): 1712 - 1719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Li and I. B. Weinstein Protein Kinase C {beta} Enhances Growth and Expression of Cyclin D1 in Human Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., December 1, 2006; 66(23): 11399 - 11408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. F. El-Rayes, S. Gadgeel, A. F. Shields, S. Manza, P. Lorusso, and P. A. Philip Phase I Study of Bryostatin 1 and Gemcitabine Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2006; 12(23): 7059 - 7062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Lin, Y. Yu, H. Zhao, Y. Zhang, J. Manela, and D. A. Tonetti Overexpression of PKC{alpha} is required to impart estradiol inhibition and tamoxifen-resistance in a T47D human breast cancer tumor model Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2006; 27(8): 1538 - 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zhan, D. Yu, J. Liu, J. Hannay, and R. E. Pollock Transcriptional Repression of Protein Kinase C{alpha} via Sp1 by Wild Type p53 Is Involved in Inhibition of Multidrug Resistance 1 P-Glycoprotein Phosphorylation J. Biol. Chem., February 11, 2005; 280(6): 4825 - 4833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Grossman, J. B. Alavi, J. G. Supko, K. A. Carson, R. Priet, F. A. Dorr, J. S. Grundy, and J. T. Holmlund Efficacy and toxicity of the antisense oligonucleotide aprinocarsen directed against protein kinase C-{alpha} delivered as a 21-day continuous intravenous infusion in patients with recurrent high-grade astrocytomas Neuro-oncol, January 1, 2005; 7(1): 32 - 40. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Villalona-Calero, P. Ritch, J. A. Figueroa, G. A. Otterson, R. Belt, E. Dow, S. George, J. Leonardo, S. McCachren, G. L. Miller, et al. A Phase I/II Study of LY900003, an Antisense Inhibitor of Protein Kinase C-{alpha}, in Combination with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2004; 10(18): 6086 - 6093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Kerfoot, W. Huang, and S. A. Rotenberg Immunohistochemical Analysis of Advanced Human Breast Carcinomas Reveals Downregulation of Protein Kinase C{alpha} J. Histochem. Cytochem., March 1, 2004; 52(3): 419 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Quittau-Prevostel, N. Delaunay, A. Collazos, A. Vallentin, and D. Joubert Targeting of PKC{alpha} and {epsilon} in the pituitary: a highly regulated mechanism involving a GD(E)E motif of the V3 region J. Cell Sci., January 1, 2004; 117(1): 63 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. HOLMLUND Applying Antisense Technology: AffinitakTM and Other Antisense Oligonucleotides in Clinical Development Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2003; 1002(1): 244 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Deeds, S. Teodorescu, M. Chu, Q. Yu, and C.-Y. Chen A p53-independent G1 Cell Cycle Checkpoint Induced by the Suppression of Protein Kinase C {alpha} and {theta} Isoforms J. Biol. Chem., October 10, 2003; 278(41): 39782 - 39793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Kruger and K. B. Reddy Distinct Mechanisms Mediate the Initial and Sustained Phases of Cell Migration in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Overexpressing Cells Mol. Cancer Res., September 1, 2003; 1(11): 801 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. D. Boyan, V. L. Sylvia, T. Frambach, C. H. Lohmann, J. Dietl, D. D. Dean, and Z. Schwartz Estrogen-Dependent Rapid Activation of Protein Kinase C in Estrogen Receptor-Positive MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Estrogen Receptor-Negative HCC38 Cells Is Membrane-Mediated and Inhibited by Tamoxifen Endocrinology, May 1, 2003; 144(5): 1812 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. McCracken, L. J. Miraglia, R. A. McKay, and J. S. Strobl Protein Kinase C {delta} Is a Prosurvival Factor in Human Breast Tumor Cell Lines Mol. Cancer Ther., March 1, 2003; 2(3): 273 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Tolcher, L. Reyno, P. M. Venner, S. D. Ernst, M. Moore, R. S. Geary, K. Chi, S. Hall, W. Walsh, A. Dorr, et al. A Randomized Phase II and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Antisense Oligonucleotides ISIS 3521 and ISIS 5132 in Patients with Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2002; 8(8): 2530 - 2535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. G. Keshamouni, R. R. Mattingly, and K. B. Reddy Mechanism of 17-beta -Estradiol-induced Erk1/2 Activation in Breast Cancer Cells. A ROLE FOR HER2 AND PKC-delta J. Biol. Chem., June 14, 2002; 277(25): 22558 - 22565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zeng, H. Xu, and R. I. Glazer Transformation of Mammary Epithelial Cells by 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase-1 (PDK1) Is Associated with the Induction of Protein Kinase C{alpha} Cancer Res., June 1, 2002; 62(12): 3538 - 3543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Chisamore, Y. Ahmed, D. J. Bentrem, V. C. Jordan, and D. A. Tonetti Novel Antitumor Effect of Estradiol in Athymic Mice Injected with a T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line Overexpressing Protein Kinase C{alpha} Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 7(10): 3156 - 3165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Propper, A. C. McDonald, A. Man, P. Thavasu, F. Balkwill, J. P. Braybrooke, F. Caponigro, P. Graf, C. Dutreix, R. Blackie, et al. Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of PKC412, an Inhibitor of Protein Kinase C J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2001; 19(5): 1485 - 1492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Clarke, F. Leonessa, J. N. Welch, and T. C. Skaar Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology of Antiestrogen Action and Resistance Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2001; 53(1): 25 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Subbaramaiah, P. Michaluart, M. B. Sporn, and A. J. Dannenberg Ursolic Acid Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Cancer Res., May 1, 2000; 60(9): 2399 - 2404. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Nemunaitis, J. T. Holmlund, M. Kraynak, D. Richards, J. Bruce, N. Ognoskie, T. J. Kwoh, R. Geary, A. Dorr, D. Von Hoff, et al. Phase I Evaluation of ISIS 3521, an Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide to Protein Kinase C-Alpha, in Patients With Advanced Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 1999; 17(11): 3586 - 3595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Yuen, J. Halsey, G. A. Fisher, J. T. Holmlund, R. S. Geary, T. J. Kwoh, A. Dorr, and B. I. Sikic Phase I Study of an Antisense Oligonucleotide to Protein Kinase C-{{alpha}} (ISIS 3521/CGP 64128A ) in Patients with Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 1999; 5(11): 3357 - 3363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Agadir, G.-q. Chen, F. Bost, Y. Li, D. Mercola, and X.-k. Zhang Differential Effect of Retinoic Acid on Growth Regulation by Phorbol Ester in Human Cancer Cell Lines J. Biol. Chem., October 15, 1999; 274(42): 29779 - 29785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-g. Sun and S. A. Rotenberg Overexpression of Protein Kinase C{{alpha}} in MCF-10A Human Breast Cells Engenders Dramatic Alterations in Morphology, Proliferation, and Motility Cell Growth Differ., May 1, 1999; 10(5): 343 - 352. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Cornford, J. Evans, A. Dodson, K. Parsons, A. Woolfenden, J. Neoptolemos, and C. S. Foster Protein Kinase C Isoenzyme Patterns Characteristically Modulated in Early Prostate Cancer Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 1999; 154(1): 137 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Subbaramaiah, W. J. Chung, P. Michaluart, N. Telang, T. Tanabe, H. Inoue, M. Jang, J. M. Pezzuto, and A. J. Dannenberg Resveratrol Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription and Activity in Phorbol Ester-treated Human Mammary Epithelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 21, 1998; 273(34): 21875 - 21882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Cancer Research | Clinical Cancer Research |
| Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics |
| Molecular Cancer Research | Cancer Prevention Research |
| Cancer Prevention Journals Portal | Cancer Reviews Online |
| Annual Meeting Education Book | Cell Growth & Differentiation |
