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Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Lyt-2⁺ T-Cells for Adoptive Chemoimmunotherapy by Short-Term Exposure of Tumor-bearer Spleen Cells to Polyethylene Glycol and/or Melphalan¹

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60680

Uncultured tumor-infiltrated spleen cells (TISpC) from mice bearing large (20–22 mm) s.c. MOPC-315 plasmacytomas were previously shown to be ineffective in bringing about the cure of mice bearing a nonpalpable (Day 4) tumor that had been treated with a subcurative dose (10 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide (i.e., adoptive chemoimmunotherapy, ACIT) (M. B. Mokyr, J. C. D. Hengst, and S. Dray, Cancer Res., 42: 974–979, 1982). Here we show that TISpC cultured for 5 days in the presence of inactivated MOPC-315 stimulator cells acquire some effectiveness in curing mice by ACIT, and this effectiveness is greatly enhanced if polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) is also added to the culture. The Lyt 2⁺ T-cells, and not the L3T4⁺ T-cells, are responsible for the effectiveness of the cultured TISpC in ACIT. In fact, the L3T4⁺ T-cells are apparently not required even during culture of TISpC for the generation of Lyt 2⁺ T-cells effective in ACIT. Although the TISpC cultured with MOPC-315 cells and PEG contained approximately twice as many Lyt 2⁺ cells as did TISpC cultured without PEG, the increase in the activity of the former cells is not due simply to the increase in the percentage of Lyt 2⁺ cells, but is most likely due to an increase in the percentage and/or activity of Lyt 2⁺ cells with specificity for MOPC-315-associated antigens. The effectiveness of TISpC cultured with MOPC-315 stimulator cells and PEG in ACIT can be enhanced even further by pretreatment of these cells with the immunomodulating agent melphalan (0.5 nmol/ml) prior to culture initiation. Thus, the above methods of culture render ineffective lymphoid cells effective in ACIT and are suitable for evaluation in protocols for human cancer therapy.

¹ Supported by Research Grants CA-30088 and CA-35761 from the National Cancer Institute.

² In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree.

³ Supported by Career Development Award CA-01350 from the National Cancer Institute.

⁴ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M/C 790), Box 6998, Chicago, IL 60680.

Received 12/13/88. Revised 3/27/89. Accepted 4/ 4/89.