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Vimentin Rather Than Keratin Expression in Some Hormone-independent Breast Cancer Cell Lines and in Oncogene-transformed Mammary Epithelial Cells

Medical Breast Cancer Section [C. L. S., D. W-J., S. E. H., E. V., S. A., E. P. G.] and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis [P. W.], National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608 [R. C., F. M.]; and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720 [M. S.]

To characterize differences in gene expression between hormone-dependent and hormone-independent mammary carcinoma, we cloned complementary DNAs of genes expressed in a hormone-independent breast carcinoma cell line that were not expressed in a hormone-dependent line. One clone, which was isolated in many copies, coded for the intermediate filament protein vimentin. A complementary DNA clone 1.8 kilobases long included the entire protein-coding region for vimentin. Vimentin was expressed by more than one-half of the hormone-independent breast carcinoma cell lines tested but not by the hormone-dependent cell lines. The cell lines which expressed vimentin expressed only low levels of cytokeratins. The correlation between vimentin expression and more advanced stages of mammary cell transformation was tested in a model system in which immortal, nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells or derivative lines transformed with v-ras-H or SV40 T-antigen were found not to express vimentin, whereas a derivative highly tumorigenic cell line transformed by both v-ras-H and T-antigen did express vimentin. Analysis of several other kinds of epithelial carcinoma cell lines showed only rare examples of vimentin expression.

¹ To whom all correspondence should be addressed, at Division of Medical Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007.

Received 12/27/88. Revised 4/14/89. Accepted 4/25/89.

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