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Laboratory for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Sylvius Laboratory, P. O. Box 9503, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Mutations in codon 12, 13, or 61 of one of the three ras genes, H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras, convert these genes into active oncogenes. Rapid assays for the detection of these point mutations have been developed recently and used to investigate the role mutated ras genes play in the pathogenesis of human tumors. It appeared that ras gene mutations can be found in a variety of tumor types, although the incidence varies greatly. The highest incidences are found in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (90%), the colon (50%), and the lung (30%); in thyroid tumors (50%); and in myeloid leukemia (30%). For some tumor types a relationship may exist between the presence of a ras mutation and clinical or histopathological features of the tumor. There is some evidence that environmental agents may be involved in the induction of the mutations.
1 This work is supported by a grant from the Dutch Cancer Society.
Received 2/ 8/89. Revised 5/25/89. Accepted 6/ 8/89.
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K. M. Vasudevan, R. Burikhanov, A. Goswami, and V. M. Rangnekar Suppression of PTEN Expression Is Essential for Antiapoptosis and Cellular Transformation by Oncogenic Ras Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 67(21): 10343 - 10350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Flotho, C. P. Kratz, and C. M. Niemeyer How a rare pediatric neoplasia can give important insights into biological concepts: a perspective on juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia Haematologica, November 1, 2007; 92(11): 1441 - 1446. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W.-C. L. Chang, R. A. Coudry, M. L. Clapper, X. Zhang, K.-L. Williams, C. S. Spittle, T. Li, and H. S. Cooper Loss of p53 enhances the induction of colitis-associated neoplasia by dextran sulfate sodium Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2007; 28(11): 2375 - 2381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. C. Stites, P. C. Trampont, Z. Ma, and K. S. Ravichandran Network Analysis of Oncogenic Ras Activation in Cancer Science, October 19, 2007; 318(5849): 463 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. P. Fotiadou, C. Takahashi, H. N. Rajabi, and M. E. Ewen Wild-Type NRas and KRas Perform Distinct Functions during Transformation Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2007; 27(19): 6742 - 6755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W.-J. Oh, V. Rishi, S. Pelech, and C. Vinson Histological and proteomic analysis of reversible H-RasV12G expression in transgenic mouse skin Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2007; 28(10): 2244 - 2252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. R. Grossman, S. Lyle, M. B. Resnick, E. Sabo, R. T. Lis, E. Rosinha, Q. Liu, C.-C. Hsieh, G. Bhat, A. R. Frackelton Jr., et al. p66 Shc Tumor Levels Show a Strong Prognostic Correlation with Disease Outcome in Stage IIA Colon Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2007; 13(19): 5798 - 5804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Konishi, B. Karakas, A. M. Abukhdeir, J. Lauring, J. P. Gustin, J. P. Garay, Y. Konishi, E. Gallmeier, K. E. Bachman, and B. H. Park Knock-in of Mutant K-ras in Nontumorigenic Human Epithelial Cells as a New Model for Studying K-ras Mediated Transformation Cancer Res., September 15, 2007; 67(18): 8460 - 8467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Guo, T. Zhu, Z.-X. J. Xiao, and C.-Y. Chen Modulation of Intracellular Signaling Pathways to Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 17, 2007; 282(33): 24364 - 24372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Parikh, R. Subrahmanyam, and R. Ren Oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS Exhibit Different Leukemogenic Potentials in Mice Cancer Res., August 1, 2007; 67(15): 7139 - 7146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Jin, S. Park, D. Z. Ewton, and E. Friedman The Survival Kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B Is a Downstream Effector of Oncogenic K-ras in Pancreatic Cancer Cancer Res., August 1, 2007; 67(15): 7247 - 7255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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V. Patel, H. M. Rosenfeldt, R. Lyons, J.-M. Servitja, X. R. Bustelo, M. Siroff, and J.S. Gutkind Persistent activation of Rac1 in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck: evidence for an EGFR/Vav2 signaling axis involved in cell invasion Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2007; 28(6): 1145 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X. Le, D. M. Langenau, M. D. Keefe, J. L. Kutok, D. S. Neuberg, and L. I. Zon Heat shock-inducible Cre/Lox approaches to induce diverse types of tumors and hyperplasia in transgenic zebrafish PNAS, May 29, 2007; 104(22): 9410 - 9415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. Cleynen, C. Huysmans, T. Sasazuki, S. Shirasawa, W. Van de Ven, and K. Peeters Transcriptional Control of the Human High Mobility Group A1 Gene: Basal and Oncogenic Ras-Regulated Expression Cancer Res., May 15, 2007; 67(10): 4620 - 4629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. B. Kopnin, L. S. Agapova, B. P. Kopnin, and P. M. Chumakov Repression of Sestrin Family Genes Contributes to Oncogenic Ras-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Up-regulation and Genetic Instability Cancer Res., May 15, 2007; 67(10): 4671 - 4678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Modzelewska, M. G. Elgort, J. Huang, G. Jongeward, A. Lauritzen, C. H. Yoon, P. W. Sternberg, and N. Moghal An Activating Mutation in sos-1 Identifies Its Dbl Domain as a Critical Inhibitor of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway during Caenorhabditis elegans Vulval Development Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2007; 27(10): 3695 - 3707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Z. Ji, F. C. Mei, J. Xie, and X. Cheng Oncogenic KRAS Activates Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells J. Biol. Chem., May 11, 2007; 282(19): 14048 - 14055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. H. Jeon, J.-Y. Yoon, Y.-N. Park, W.-J. Jeong, S. Kim, E.-H. Jho, Y.-J. Surh, and K.-Y. Choi Axin Inhibits Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Pathway by Ras Degradation via beta-Catenin J. Biol. Chem., May 11, 2007; 282(19): 14482 - 14492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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