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Two Pyridine Analogues with More Effective Ability to Reverse Multidrug Resistance and with Lower Calcium Channel Blocking Activity Than Their Dihydropyridine Counterparts¹

Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Institute of Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 [N. S., T. M., A. Y., S. A.]; Department of Physiology, Oita Medical School, Oita 879-56 [T. K., M. A.]; and Central Research Institute, Nissan Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd., Chiba [K. S., R. S.], Japan

Four pyridine analogues and their dihydropyridine counterparts were examined for their ability to reverse drug resistance in a multidrug-resistant human carcinoma cell line, KB-C2. Two pyridine analogues were more able to reverse drug resistance than their dihydropyridine counterparts. The other two pyridine analogues had an effect on drug resistance similar to their dihydropyridine counterparts. The calcium channel-blocking activity of all the pyridine analogues was considerably lower than that of the dihydropyridine analogues.

Of the pyridine analogues, 2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl 5-(trans-4,6-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate P-oxide (PAK-104P) was the most effective in reversing multidrug resistance. PAK-104P (1 and 5 µM) completely reversed the drug resistance in KB-8-5 and KB-C2 cells, respectively. The reversing effect of PAK-104P was greater than that of other multidrug resistance-reversing agents, cepharanthine, verapamil, nimodipine, and nicardipine. PAK-104P at 1 µM increased about 10-fold the accumulation of vinblastine in KB-C2 cells, whereas verapamil at the same concentration increased the accumulation about 2-fold.

The inhibition of [³H]azidopine photolabeling of P-glycoprotein by the pyridine and dihydropyridine analogues except 2-[methyl(phenyl-methyl)amino]ethyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate P-oxide correlated with the reversing of drug resistance by the analogues. Some newly synthesized pyridine analogues seemed to have lower calcium channel-blocking activity and more potent resistance-reversing ability than verapamil and other calcium channel blockers.

¹ This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 8/31/89. Revised 1/24/90.

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