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Correlation between Cell Killing by cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in Six Mammalian Cell Lines and Binding of a cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-DNA Antiserum¹

Divisions of Chemical Carcinogenesis [P. M. A. B. T., B. G. J. F., R. D., L. d. E.] and Experimental Therapy [A. C. B., J. Y. E.], The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Huis), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, and Department of Clinical Oncology [P. I. S.], Leiden University Hospital, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands

The relationship between cell killing and the binding of the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) to DNA was studied in six mammalian cell lines. Two of the human cell lines (COV413B) were of the same origin, comprising one sensitive to cis-DDP and the other with induced resistance to the drug. The four other lines, two rodent (RIF-1, Chinese hamster ovary) and two human (A2780, A1847), were unrelated. The cell lines differed in their sensitivity to cis-DDP, as tested in a clonogenic assay. cis-DDP-DNA binding was determined by quantitative immunocytochemistry using an antiserum against cis-DDP-modified DNA. The resistance factors relative to RIF-1, calculated from full survival curves for cis-DDP, were 3.8 ± 0.4 for Chinese hamster ovary cells and 8.8 ± 0.7 for both A2780 and A1847 lines. Using quantitative immunocytochemistry, the levels of the adduct-specific nuclear staining density compared with RIF-1 cells were 4.8 ± 0.2 for Chinese hamster ovary cells, 9.1 ± 0.2 for A2780, and 10.0 ± 0.1 for A1847 cells, i.e., in good agreement with the resistance factors. In studies with the COV413B cells and their cis-DDP-resistant counterpart COV413B-PtR, immunologically detected adduct levels again correlated closely with resistance factors (correlation coefficient = 0.97). The kinetics of cis-DDP-DNA adduct formation and loss was investigated in RIF-1, A2780, and A1847 cells by the immunocytochemistry technique. Adduct levels after a 1-h incubation with approximately equitoxic doses of cis-DDP increased by 18 to 32% (average, 27%) between 0 and 6.5 h after treatment and then declined. Adduct half-lives in this latter phase did not correlate with the sensitivities of the cells for cis-DDP. These results indicate that the initial level of cis-DDP-DNA binding measured by quantitative immunocytochemistry may be a reasonable predictor of sensitivity to this chemotherapeutic drug.

¹ This work was supported by Grant NKI 86-11 from the Dutch Cancer Society (Koningin Wilhelmina Fonds).

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 9/ 7/89. Revised 1/12/90.