This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Tilley, W. D. Articles by McPhaul, M. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Tilley, W. D. Articles by McPhaul, M. J.

Androgen Receptor Gene Expression in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines¹

Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology [C. M. W.], and Biochemistry [M. J. M.], The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235-8857

Responses to androgen vary widely among prostate cancers and prostatic carcinoma cell lines. We have explored the basis for this heterogeneity by examining the levels of androgen receptor expression in a prostate carcinoma cell line (LNCaP) that expresses the androgen receptor and two prostate carcinoma cell lines that do not contain detectable androgen receptor. We find that while the LNCaP cell line contains high levels of both the androgen receptor protein and mRNA, the receptor-negative cell lines DU-145 and PC-3 do not express androgen receptor protein as detected by immunoblotting or mRNA as detected by Northern analysis or S₁ nuclease protection. These results indicate that the absence of androgen receptor expression in the androgen receptor-negative cell lines is caused by diminished androgen receptor mRNA levels. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that the differences in androgen receptor expression in each of these cell lines is not associated with detectable alterations in the structure of the androgen receptor gene.

¹ This work was supported by a Basil O'Connor Award from the March of Dimes (5-694), the Medical Life and Health Insurance Medical Research Fund, the Welch Foundation (I-1090), a grant from the Perot Family Foundation, a grant from the American Cancer Society (IN-142), and Grant DK03892 from the NIH. M. J. M. is a Culpeper medical scholar. W. D. T. was a recipient of a C. J. Martin Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

Received 3/23/90. Revised 5/30/90.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. D. Martinez, R. J. Jasavala, I. Hinkson, L. D. Fitzgerald, J. S. Trimmer, H.-J. Kung, and M. E. Wright RNA Editing of Androgen Receptor Gene Transcripts in Prostate Cancer Cells J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 2008; 283(44): 29938 - 29949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Periyasamy, M. Warrier, M. P. M. Tillekeratne, W. Shou, and E. R. Sanchez The Immunophilin Ligands Cyclosporin A and FK506 Suppress Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Androgen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Endocrinology, October 1, 2007; 148(10): 4716 - 4726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Horii, Y. Suzuki, Y. Kondo, M. Akimoto, T. Nishimura, Y. Yamabe, M. Sakaue, T. Sano, T. Kitagawa, S. Himeno, et al. Androgen-Dependent Gene Expression of Prostate-Specific Antigen Is Enhanced Synergistically by Hypoxia in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Mol. Cancer Res., April 1, 2007; 5(4): 383 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Zhou, H. Wu, P. Lee, and Z. Wang Roles of the androgen receptor cofactor p44 in the growth of prostate epithelial cells. J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 37(2): 283 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.G. Wang, X.M. Liu, and J.W. Chiao Repression of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells by phenethyl isothiocyanate Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2006; 27(10): 2124 - 2132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S Perry, R. Foley, K. Woodson, and M. Lawler The emerging roles of DNA methylation in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2006; 13(2): 357 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. A. Watson, K. Ellwood-Yen, J. C. King, J. Wongvipat, M. M. LeBeau, and C. L. Sawyers Context-Dependent Hormone-Refractory Progression Revealed through Characterization of a Novel Murine Prostate Cancer Cell Line Cancer Res., December 15, 2005; 65(24): 11565 - 11571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Floryk and E. Huberman Differentiation of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells Is Associated with Increased Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activity Cancer Res., December 15, 2005; 65(24): 11588 - 11596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Hsu, J. Zhang, A. Dev, A. Wing, L. F. Bjeldanes, and G. L. Firestone Indole-3-carbinol inhibition of androgen receptor expression and downregulation of androgen responsiveness in human prostate cancer cells Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2005; 26(11): 1896 - 1904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gao, P. Lee, H. Wang, W. Gerald, M. Adler, L. Zhang, Y.-F. Wang, and Z. Wang The Androgen Receptor Directly Targets the Cellular Fas/FasL-Associated Death Domain Protein-Like Inhibitory Protein Gene to Promote the Androgen-Independent Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 19(7): 1792 - 1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C Hughes, A Murphy, C Martin, O Sheils, and J O'Leary Molecular pathology of prostate cancer J. Clin. Pathol., July 1, 2005; 58(7): 673 - 684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Floryk, S. L. Tollaksen, C. S. Giometti, and E. Huberman Differentiation of Human Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells Induced by Inhibitors of Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 64(24): 9049 - 9056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Zhang, M. Johnson, K. H. Le, M. Sato, R. Ilagan, M. Iyer, S. S. Gambhir, L. Wu, and M. Carey Interrogating Androgen Receptor Function in Recurrent Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 63(15): 4552 - 4560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Lamb, E. Puxeddu, N. Malik, D. L. Stenoien, R. Nigam, G. Y. Saleh, M. Mancini, N. L. Weigel, and M. Marcelli Molecular Analysis of the Androgen Receptor in Ten Prostate Cancer Specimens Obtained Before and After Androgen Ablation J Androl, March 1, 2003; 24(2): 215 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. C. Polek, L. V. Stewart, E. J. Ryu, M. B. Cohen, E. A. Allegretto, and N. L. Weigel p53 Is Required for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Induced G0 Arrest But Is Not Required for G1 Accumulation or Apoptosis of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 50 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Mad'arova, M Lukesova, A Hlobilkova, M Strnad, B Vojtesek, R Lenobel, M Hajduch, P G Murray, S Perera, and Z Kolar Synthetic inhibitors of CDKs induce different responses in androgen sensitive and androgen insensitive prostatic cancer cell lines Mol. Pathol., August 1, 2002; 55(4): 227 - 234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Chinni and F. H. Sarkar Akt Inactivation Is a Key Event in Indole-3-carbinol-induced Apoptosis in PC-3 Cells Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2002; 8(4): 1228 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. Whitacre, S. Chauhan, T. Davis, D. Gordon, A. E. Cress, and R. L. Miesfeld Androgen Induction of in Vitro Prostate Cell Differentiation Cell Growth Differ., January 1, 2002; 13(1): 1 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Shenk, C. J. Fisher, S.-Y. Chen, X.-F. Zhou, K. Tillman, and L. Shemshedini p53 Represses Androgen-induced Transactivation of Prostate-specific Antigen by Disrupting hAR Amino- to Carboxyl-terminal Interaction J. Biol. Chem., October 12, 2001; 276(42): 38472 - 38479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Buchanan, N. M. Greenberg, H. I. Scher, J. M. Harris, V. R. Marshall, and W. D. Tilley Collocation of Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations in Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2001; 7(5): 1273 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. E. H. Afar, I. Vivanco, R. S. Hubert, J. Kuo, E. Chen, D. C. Saffran, A. B. Raitano, and A. Jakobovits Catalytic Cleavage of the Androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 Protease Results in Its Secretion by Prostate and Prostate Cancer Epithelia Cancer Res., February 1, 2001; 61(4): 1686 - 1692. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. Buchanan, M. Yang, J. M. Harris, H. S. Nahm, G. Han, N. Moore, J. M. Bentel, R. J. Matusik, D. J. Horsfall, V. R. Marshall, et al. Mutations at the Boundary of the Hinge and Ligand Binding Domain of the Androgen Receptor Confer Increased Transactivation Function Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2001; 15(1): 46 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				X. Zi, R. P. Singh, and R. Agarwal Impairment of erbB1 receptor and fluid-phase endocytosis and associated mitogenic signaling by inositol hexaphosphate in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2000; 21(12): 2225 - 2235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Abate-Shen and M. M. Shen Molecular genetics of prostate cancer Genes & Dev., October 1, 2000; 14(19): 2410 - 2434. [Full Text]

				H. Kinoshita, Y. Shi, C. Sandefur, L. F. Meisner, C. Chang, A. Choon, C. R. Reznikoff, G. S. Bova, A. Friedl, and D. F. Jarrard Methylation of the Androgen Receptor Minimal Promoter Silences Transcription in Human Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., July 1, 2000; 60(13): 3623 - 3630. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. C. Boffa, S. Scarfi’, M. R. Mariani, G. Damonte, V. G. Allfrey, U. Benatti, and P. L. Morris Dihydrotestosterone as a Selective Cellular/Nuclear Localization Vector for Anti-Gene Peptide Nucleic Acid in Prostatic Carcinoma Cells Cancer Res., April 1, 2000; 60(8): 2258 - 2262. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. E. Blutt, T. J. McDonnell, T. C. Polek, and N. L. Weigel Calcitriol-Induced Apoptosis in LNCaP Cells Is Blocked By Overexpression of Bcl-2 Endocrinology, January 1, 2000; 141(1): 10 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. H. Xing and S. A. Rabbani Regulation of Urokinase Production by Androgens in Human Prostate Cancer Cells: Effect on Tumor Growth and Metastases in Vivo Endocrinology, September 1, 1999; 140(9): 4056 - 4064. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. D. Belsham, A. Evangelou, D. Roy, D. V. Le, and T. J. Brown Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Gene Expression by 5{alpha}-Dihydrotestosterone in GnRH-Secreting GT1-7 Hypothalamic Neurons Endocrinology, March 1, 1998; 139(3): 1108 - 1114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. V. Nazareth and N. L. Weigel Activation of the Human Androgen Receptor through a Protein Kinase A Signaling Pathway J. Biol. Chem., August 16, 1996; 271(33): 19900 - 19907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. C. Boffa, P. L. Morris, E. M. Carpaneto, M. Louissaint, and V. G. Allfrey Invasion of the CAG Triplet Repeats by a Complementary Peptide Nucleic Acid Inhibits Transcription of the Androgen Receptor and TATA-binding Protein Genes and Correlates with Refolding of an Active Nucleosome Containing a Unique AR Gene Sequence J. Biol. Chem., May 31, 1996; 271(22): 13228 - 13233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Wilson The Promiscuous Receptor -- Prostate Cancer Comes of Age N. Engl. J. Med., May 25, 1995; 332(21): 1440 - 1441. [Full Text]

				C. D. Wolfgang, M. Essand, J. J. Vincent, B. Lee, and I. Pastan TARP: A nuclear protein expressed in prostate and breast cancer cells derived from an alternate reading frame of the T cell receptor gamma chain locus PNAS, August 15, 2000; 97(17): 9437 - 9442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]