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[Cancer Research 50, 6502-6507, October 15, 1990]
© 1990 American Association for Cancer Research
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Smoking and Drinking in Relation to Cancers of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, and Esophagus in Northern Italy1

Silvia Franceschi2, Renato Talamini, Salvatore Barra, Anna E. Barón, Eva Negri, Ettore Bidoli, Diego Serraino and Carlo La Vecchia

Epidemiology Unit, Aviano Cancer Center, Via Pedemontana Occ., 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy [S. F., R. T., S. B., A. E. B., E. B., D. S.]; Hormones, Sexual Factors and Cancer Group—European Organization for Cooperation in Cancer Prevention Studies, Brussels, Belgium [S. F.]; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado, Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado 80262 [A. E. B.]; "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via Eritrea, 62, 20157 Milan, Italy [E. N., C. L. V.]; and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland [C. L. V.]

A hospital-based case-control study of upper aerodigestive tract tumors was conducted between June 1986 and June 1989 in Northern Italy. One hundred fifty-seven male cases of oral cavity cancer, 134 of pharyngeal cancer, 162 of laryngeal cancer, and 288 of esophageal cancer, and 1272 male inpatients with acute conditions unrelated to tobacco and alcohol were interviewed. Odds ratios for current smokers of cigarettes were 11.1 for oral cavity, 12.9 for pharynx, 4.6 for larynx, and 3.8 for esophagus. For all 4 sites, the risk increased with increasing number of cigarettes and duration of smoking habits and, with the exception of esophageal cancer, decreased with increasing age at the start of and years since quitting smoking. Smokers of pipes and cigars showed a more elevated risk of cancer of the oral cavity and esophagus than did cigarette smokers. Significantly increased risks emerged also in heavy drinkers (odds ratio >60 versus ≥19 drinks/week = 3.4, 3.6, 2.1, and 6.0 for oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, respectively), deriving predominantly from wine consumption.

1 This study was supported by the Italian Association for Cancer Research, and the Italian League Against Tumors, Milan, Italy, and conducted within the framework of the Italian National Research Council Applied Project "Oncology" (Contract 87.01544.44).

2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 3/28/90. Accepted 6/29/90.




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Copyright © 1990 by the American Association for Cancer Research.