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A Comparative Case-Control Analysis of Stomach Cancer and Atrophic Gastritis¹

Division of Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute [I. K., S. T.], and Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital [Y. I., S. K., Y. Y., A. M., T. K.], 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464; and Kameya Clinic [A. K.], Iwabuchi, Ise 516, Japan

We conducted a comparative case-control analysis of stomach cancer and atrophic gastritis involving 427 cases with stomach cancer, 1414 cases with atrophic gastritis, and 3014 control subjects based on a questionnaire survey conducted for the subjects who received gastroscopic examination at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from April 1985 to March 1989. The risk of atrophic gastritis in both males and females was not associated with any environmental factors. The risk of stomach cancer compared with the control subjects was positively associated with an intake of salted fish guts or cod roe [relative risk (RR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–2.15] and smoking (RR for 20 or more cigarettes per day = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.79–4.51) and inversely associated with Western-style breakfast (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48–0.96) in males. Additionally, the risk of stomach cancer was inversely associated with a daily intake of raw vegetables (RR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.34–0.94) in males when compared with the patients with atrophic gastritis as controls. Several environmental factors, such as intake of green-yellow vegetables, fruit, and meat, and a family history of stomach cancer, were only associated with intestinal types of cancer in females, whereas a clear difference between diffuse and intestinal types was not observed in males. The results of the present study suggest that risk factors for stomach cancer may be different from those for premalignant lesions.

¹ Presented at the Sixth Symposium on Epidemiology and Cancer Registries in the Pacific Basin, Kauai, Hawaii, November 13–17, 1989. This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for a Comprehensive 10-year Strategy for Cancer Control, Japan, from the Ministry of Health and Welfare.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 12/ 7/89. Accepted 7/13/90.

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