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Importance of Tumor-specific Cytotoxic CD8⁺ T-Cells in Eradication of a Large Subcutaneous MOPC-315 Tumor following Low-Dose Melphalan Therapy¹

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60680 [B. Y. T., M. B. M.], and Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood 60153 [J. M. P.], Illinois

We have previously demonstrated that depletion of CD8⁺ T-cells by the use of a monoclonal anti-Lyt-2.2 antibody abolishes the curative effectiveness of low-dose melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard; L-PAM) therapy for BALB/c mice bearing a large (20 mm) s.c. MOPC-315 tumor and extensive metastases (Mokyr et al., Cancer Res., 49: 4597–4606, 1989). Here we show that as a consequence of low-dose L-PAM therapy, CD8⁺ T-cells accumulate in the s.c. tumor nodules of MOPC-315 tumor bearers. Specifically, an 80-fold increase in the number of CD8⁺ T-cells was seen within 5 days after the chemotherapy. Treatment of MOPC-315 tumor bearers with low-dose L-PAM in conjunction with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-Lyt-2.2 antibody, in contrast to treatment with monoclonal anti-L3T4 antibody, prevented the appearance of the massive CD8⁺ T-cell infiltrate in the s.c. tumor nodules. Fresh CD8⁺ T-cells derived from s.c. MOPC-315 tumor nodules that were regressing as a consequence of low-dose L-PAM therapy exhibited a potent direct lytic activity against the MOPC-315 plasmacytoma in a short-term in vitro assay. The specificity of the lytic activity exhibited by the CD8⁺ T-cells was illustrated not only by the inability of the CD8⁺ T-cells to lyse two antigenically unrelated thymomas (the WEHI 22.1 and the EL-4) and a natural killer-sensitive lymphoma (the YAC-1), but also by their relatively weak lytic activity against an antigenically related plasmacytoma (the MOPC-104E). Thus, CD8⁺ T-cells that infiltrate the s.c. tumor nodules of MOPC-315 tumor bearers following low-dose L-PAM therapy most likely exploit a CTL-type lytic mechanism to eradicate at least part of the large tumor burden not eliminated by the direct antitumor effects of the drug.

¹ Supported by Research Grant IM-435 from the American Cancer Society and Research Grant B-8806 from the Banes Estate.

² In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree.

³ Supported by Career Development Award CA-01350 from the National Cancer Institute. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 6/21/90. Accepted 8/28/90.

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