This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Berger, U. Articles by Coombes, R. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Berger, U. Articles by Coombes, R. C.

Immunocytochemical Determination of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Receptor in Breast Cancer and Relationship to Prognosis¹

Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (London-St. George's Group) [U. B., R. A. M., P. W., R. C. C.] and Department of Chemical Pathology [K. C.], St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, ; United Kingdom University of Chicago, The Ben May Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60637 [G. L. G.]; Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 [M. R. H.]; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 [J. W. P.]; and Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PX, [D. E.] United Kingdom

We have determined the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor (PR), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ receptor content of 136 breast carcinomas by an immunocytochemical method. The presence of the three receptors was not related to clinical features of presentation such as T-stage or to age or menopausal status. However, each of the three receptors has a different relationship to the course of the disease in these patients. The presence of PR was significantly associated with an improved overall survival (x² = 4.61, P = 0.032). Patients whose tumors contained immunocytochemically detectable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ receptor had a longer disease-free interval than those patients with negative tumors (x² = 4.01, P = 0.045). The presence of estrogen receptor and PR were found to correlate with an increased survival between relapse and death (P = 0.027 and P = 0.09, respectively). The relationships between estrogen receptor and PR and prognosis are more apparent when the degree of cell staining is considered. Combined receptor analysis improves our ability to predict the course of the disease and may therefore facilitate better management of the patients.

¹ Supported in part by the Cancer Research Campaign.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 2/ 3/89. Accepted 10/22/90.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Maynadier, J.-M. Ramirez, A.-M. Cathiard, N. Platet, D. Gras, M. Gleizes, M. S. Sheikh, P. Nirde, and M. Garcia Unliganded estrogen receptor {alpha} inhibits breast cancer cell growth through interaction with a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21WAF1) FASEB J, March 1, 2008; 22(3): 671 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Valrance, A. H. Brunet, and J. Welsh Vitamin D Receptor-Dependent Inhibition of Mammary Tumor Growth by EB1089 and Ultraviolet Radiation in Vivo Endocrinology, October 1, 2007; 148(10): 4887 - 4894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Toyama, Z. Zhang, H. Iwase, H. Yamashita, Y. Ando, M. Hamaguchi, M. Mizutani, N. Kondo, T. Fujita, Y. Fujii, et al. Low Expression of the Snail Gene is a Good Prognostic Factor in Node-Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinomas Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2006; 36(6): 357 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Y. Chen, E. R. Bertone-Johnson, D. J. Hunter, W. C. Willett, and S. E. Hankinson Associations Between Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor and Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2005; 14(10): 2335 - 2339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. M. Zinser and J. Welsh Vitamin D receptor status alters mammary gland morphology and tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu mice Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2004; 25(12): 2361 - 2372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Qi, R. Pramanik, J. Wang, R. M. Schultz, R. K. Maitra, J. Han, H. F. DeLuca, and G. Chen The p38 and JNK Pathways Cooperate to trans-Activate Vitamin D Receptor via c-Jun/AP-1 and Sensitize Human Breast Cancer Cells to Vitamin D3-induced Growth Inhibition J. Biol. Chem., July 12, 2002; 277(29): 25884 - 25892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Agadir, G. Lazzaro, Y. Zheng, X.-K. Zhang, and R. Mehta Resistance of HBL100 human breast epithelial cells to vitamin D action Carcinogenesis, April 1, 1999; 20(4): 577 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. VanWeelden, L. Flanagan, L. Binderup, M. Tenniswood, and J. Welsh Apoptotic Regression of MCF-7 Xenografts in Nude Mice Treated with the Vitamin D3 Analog, EB1089 Endocrinology, April 1, 1998; 139(4): 2102 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]