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Purification of B16-F1 Melanoma Autocrine Motility Factor and Its Receptor¹

Cancer Metastasis Program, Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit, Michigan 48201

Tumor autocrine motility factor (AMF) is a cytokine which stimulates both random and directed cell migration by self-producing cells. AMF has been detected in and purified from serum-free conditioned medium of murine B16-F1 melanoma cells. Under nonreducing conditions AMF migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band of M_r 55,000, whereas under reducing conditions it migrates as a single polypeptide of M_r 64,000. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified AMF resolved two polypeptides with isoelectric points of 6.35 (major) and 6.4 (minor). No carbohydrate side chains were detected in the B16-F1 AMF. Purified AMF stimulated B16-F1 cell migration in a dose-dependent fashion and bound directly in a protein-protein-binding assay to the AMF receptor, a cell surface glycoprotein of M_r 78,000 [glycoprotein (gp) 78]. The involvement of gp78 in AMF-stimulated function was demonstrated by motility assays. These results suggest that AMF is the natural ligand for the gp78-AMF receptor.

¹ This work was supported in part by the Paul Zuckerman Support Foundation for Cancer Research to A.R.

² Present address: Gunma University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi-Shi, Gunma-Ken, Japan.

³ Present address: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.

⁴ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Meyer L. Prentis Cancer Center, 110 E. Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201-1379

Received 12/19/90. Accepted 4/22/91.

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