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Effect of Dietary Carbohydrates on the Growth of Dysplastic Crypt Foci in the Colon of Rats Treated with 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine¹

Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. B. Morgagni, 65, 50134 Florence, Italy

The effect of dietary starch and sucrose on the growth of foci of dysplastic crypts in the colon (FDC) was studied in female Sprague Dawley rats treated twice p.o. with 25 mg/kg of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). After DMH administration, the animals were fed high-fat (23% corn oil, w/w)/low-calcium (0.1%, w/w)/low-cellulose (2%, w/w) diets in which carbohydrates were represented by corn starch (starch diet) or sucrose (sucrose diet) (46%, w/w). The animals were fed for either 30 or 105 days with the experimental diets. The number of FDC was not significantly affected by diet. However, after 30 days the percentage of small FDC (formed by 1–2 dysplastic crypts) was higher in the animals fed the starch diet compared to the animals fed the sucrose diet [90.3 ± 1.1% (SE) and 82.6 ± 3.1%, respectively; P < 0.05]. In contrast, foci formed by 3–4 dysplastic crypts were decreased by the starch diet (P < 0.05). After 105 days of feeding, the starch diet induced a number of dysplastic crypts/focus lower than that induced by the sucrose diet (2.6 ± 0.1 and 2.9 ± 0.1, respectively; P < 0.05). The percentage of small FDC was also higher in the animals fed the starch diet compared to animals fed the sucrose diet (P < 0.01). After 30 days of feeding, DMH treatment increased colon proliferative activity in both dietary groups (P < 0.05). But after 105 days of feeding, proliferation was similar in controls and DMH-treated rats and markedly reduced in animals fed the starch diet (mean labeling index values for both controls and DMH-treated rats were 10.4 ± 0.8 and 4.4 ± 0.5 in the sucrose and starch diets, respectively; P < 0.001). The overall results suggest that starch in highfat/low-calcium/low-cellulose diets has a protective role against DMH-colon carcinogenesis in the rat.

¹ This work was supported by grants from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Progetto Finalizzato FATMA) and the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 12/14/90. Accepted 4/30/91.

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