| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Bioscience I [A. E. W., M. D.] and Chemistry I [J. B.], ICI Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
Previous studies from this laboratory have described a series of 7
-alkylamide analogues of estradiol with pure antiestrogenic activity, exemplified by ICI 164,384. A new compound, 7-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)nonyl]estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17ß-diol (ICI 182,780) has now been identified which has significantly increased antiestrogenic potency and retains pure estrogen antagonist activity. The antiuterotrophic potency of ICI 182,780 in the immature rat was more than 10-fold greater than that of ICI 164,384 (50% effective doses of 0.06 and 0.9 mg/kg, respectively). This order of magnitude increase of in vivo potency was also reflected, in part, by intrinsic activity at the estrogen receptor. The relative binding affinities of ICI 182,780 and ICI 164,384 were 0.89 and 0.19, respectively, compared with that of estradiol (1.0). Similarly, the in vitro growth-inhibitory potency of ICI 182,780 exceeded that of ICI 164,384 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, where 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.29 and 1.3 nM, respectively, were recorded. ICI 182,780 was a more effective inhibitor of MCF-7 growth than 4'-hydroxytamoxifen, producing an 80% reduction of cell number under conditions where 4'-hydroxytamoxifen achieved a maximum of 50% inhibition. This increased efficacy was reflected by a greater reduction of the proportion of cells engaged in DNA synthesis in ICI 182,780-treated cell cultures compared with tamoxifen-treated cells.
Sustained antiestrogenic effects, following a single parenteral dose of ICI 182,780 in oil suspension, were apparent in both rats and pigtail monkeys. In vivo, antitumor activity of ICI 182,780 was demonstrated with xenografts of MCF-7 and Br10 human breast cancers in nude mice. A single injection of ICI 182,780 provided antitumor efficacy equivalent to that of daily tamoxifen treatment for at least 4 weeks.
The properties of ICI 182,780 identify this pure antiestrogen as a prime candidate with which to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of complete estrogen withdrawal in endocrine-responsive human breast cancer.
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.
Received 4/10/91. Accepted 5/21/91.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J.-Z. Sheng, F. Arshad, J. E. Braun, and A. P. Braun Estrogen and the Ca2+-mobilizing agonist ATP evoke acute NO synthesis via distinct pathways in an individual human vascular endothelium-derived cell Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): C1531 - C1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Greenberg, S. Somme, H. E. Russnes, A. D. Durbin, and D. Malkin The Estrogen Receptor Pathway in Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Role for Estrogen Receptor-{beta} in Proliferation and Response to the Antiestrogen 4'OH-Tamoxifen Cancer Res., May 1, 2008; 68(9): 3476 - 3485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Chia, W. Gradishar, L. Mauriac, J. Bines, F. Amant, M. Federico, L. Fein, G. Romieu, A. Buzdar, J. F.R. Robertson, et al. Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Fulvestrant Compared With Exemestane After Prior Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive, Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From EFECT J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2008; 26(10): 1664 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Lehmann, L. Jiang, and J. Wagner Soy isoflavones decrease the catechol-O-methyltransferase-mediated inactivation of 4-hydroxyestradiol in cultured MCF-7 cells Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2008; 29(2): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. I. Pritchard Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy of the Future: Potential and Possibilities ASCO Educational Book, January 1, 2008; 2008(1): 18 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Savolainen, T. Pakarainen, I. Huhtaniemi, M. Poutanen, and S. Makela Delay of Postnatal Maturation Sensitizes the Mouse Prostate to Testosterone-Induced Pronounced Hyperplasia: Protective Role of Estrogen Receptor-{beta} Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2007; 171(3): 1013 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Gallo, E. Mantuano, M. Fabrizi, C. Ferlini, S. Mozzetti, I. De Stefano, and G. Scambia Effects of a phytoestrogen-containing soy extract on the growth-inhibitory activity of ICI 182 780 in an experimental model of estrogen-dependent breast cancer Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2007; 14(2): 317 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. W. Yde, M. Gyrd-Hansen, A. E. Lykkesfeldt, O.-G. Issinger, and J. Stenvang Breast cancer cells with acquired antiestrogen resistance are sensitized to cisplatin-induced cell death Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2007; 6(6): 1869 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Lupien, M. Jeyakumar, E. Hebert, K. Hilmi, D. Cotnoir-White, C. Loch, A. Auger, G. Dayan, G.-A. Pinard, J.-M. Wurtz, et al. Raloxifene and ICI182,780 Increase Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Association with a Nuclear Compartment via Overlapping Sets of Hydrophobic Amino Acids in Activation Function 2 Helix 12 Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 21(4): 797 - 816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-C. Chen, M. L Nagpal, D. M Stocco, and T. Lin Effects of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin on steroidogenesis and proliferation of MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2007; 192(3): 527 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Lehnes, A. D. Winder, C. Alfonso, N. Kasid, M. Simoneaux, H. Summe, E. Morgan, M. C. Iann, J. Duncan, M. Eagan, et al. The Effect of Estradiol on in Vivo Tumorigenesis Is Modulated by the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt1 Pathway Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 1171 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Yao, T.-V. V. Nguyen, and C. J. Pike Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against {beta}-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death J. Neurosci., February 7, 2007; 27(6): 1422 - 1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L Perey, R Paridaens, H Hawle, K Zaman, F Nole, H Wildiers, M Fiche, D Dietrich, P Clement, D Koberle, et al. Clinical benefit of fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer and primary or acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors: final results of phase II Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research Trial (SAKK 21/00) Ann. Onc., January 1, 2007; 18(1): 64 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Pinna, C. Bolego, P. Sanvito, V. Pelosi, R. Baetta, A. Corsini, R. M. Gaion, and A. Cignarella Raloxifene Elicits Combined Rapid Vasorelaxation and Long-Term Anti-Inflammatory Actions in Rat Aorta J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2006; 319(3): 1444 - 1451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhao, K. O'Neill, and R. D. Brinton Estrogenic Agonist Activity of ICI 182,780 (Faslodex) in Hippocampal Neurons: Implications for Basic Science Understanding of Estrogen Signaling and Development of Estrogen Modulators with a Dual Therapeutic Profile J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2006; 319(3): 1124 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bowe, X. F. Li, J. Kinsey-Jones, A. Heyerick, S. Brain, S. Milligan, and K. O'Byrne The hop phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, reverses the ovariectomy-induced rise in skin temperature in an animal model of menopausal hot flushes. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 191(2): 399 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Jaber, T. Gao, L. Huang, S. Karmakar, and C. L. Smith The Pure Estrogen Receptor Antagonist ICI 182,780 Promotes a Novel Interaction of Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} with the 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein-Binding Protein/p300 Coactivators Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 20(11): 2695 - 2710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Lamb, E. D. Crawford, D. Peck, J. W. Modell, I. C. Blat, M. J. Wrobel, J. Lerner, J.-P. Brunet, A. Subramanian, K. N. Ross, et al. The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease. Science, September 29, 2006; 313(5795): 1929 - 1935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Howell Pure oestrogen antagonists for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2006; 13(3): 689 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. D. Salazar, M. R. Miller, J. B. Barnett, and R. Schafer Evidence for a Novel Endocrine Disruptor: The Pesticide Propanil Requires the Ovaries and Steroid Synthesis to Enhance Humoral Immunity Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2006; 93(1): 62 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. U Buzdar and J. F. Robertson Fulvestrant: Pharmacologic Profile Versus Existing Endocrine Agents for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Ann. Pharmacother., September 1, 2006; 40(9): 1572 - 1582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. D. Zoma, R. S. Baker, J. L. Mershon, and K. E. Clark Hemodynamic effects of acute and repeated exposure to raloxifene in ovariectomized sheep Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): H1216 - H1225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Berghofer, T. Frommer, G. Haley, L. Fink, G. Bein, and H. Hackstein TLR7 Ligands Induce Higher IFN-{alpha} Production in Females J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2088 - 2096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Bhattacharyya, A. V. Krishnan, S. Swami, and D. Feldman Fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) down-regulates androgen receptor expression and diminishes androgenic responses in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2006; 5(6): 1539 - 1549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. H. Wang, N. H. Afdhal, and D. Q-H. Wang Overexpression of estrogen receptor {alpha} increases hepatic cholesterogenesis, leading to biliary hypersecretion in mice J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2006; 47(4): 778 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Vilgelm, Z. Lian, H. Wang, S. L. Beauparlant, A. Klein-Szanto, L. H. Ellenson, and A. Di Cristofano Akt-Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Is Required for Endometrial Neoplastic Transformation in Pten+/- Mice. Cancer Res., April 1, 2006; 66(7): 3375 - 3380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K L Cheung, R Owers, and J F R Robertson Endocrine response after prior treatment with fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: experience from a single centre. Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2006; 13(1): 251 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Ingle, V. J. Suman, K. M. Rowland, D. Mirchandani, A. M. Bernath, J. K. Camoriano, P. A.S. Fishkin, D. A. Nikcevich, and E. A. Perez Fulvestrant in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer After Progression on Prior Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N0032 J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2006; 24(7): 1052 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Chouinard, M. Tessier, G. Vernouillet, S. Gauthier, F. Labrie, O. Barbier, and A. Belanger Inactivation of the Pure Antiestrogen Fulvestrant and Other Synthetic Estrogen Molecules by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A Enzymes Expressed in Breast Tissue Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 2006; 69(3): 908 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Vergote and P. Abram Fulvestrant, a new treatment option for advanced breast cancer: tolerability versus existing agents Ann. Onc., February 1, 2006; 17(2): 200 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nagira, T. Sasaoka, T. Wada, K. Fukui, M. Ikubo, S. Hori, H. Tsuneki, S. Saito, and M. Kobayashi Altered Subcellular Distribution of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Is Implicated in Estradiol-Induced Dual Regulation of Insulin Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Endocrinology, February 1, 2006; 147(2): 1020 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. W. Shappell Estrogenic Activity in the Environment: Municipal Wastewater Effluent, River, Ponds, and Wetlands J. Environ. Qual., January 3, 2006; 35(1): 122 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Andersson, U. Islander, E. Egecioglu, E. Lof, C. Swanson, S. Moverare-Skrtic, K. Sjogren, M. K Lindberg, H. Carlsten, and C. Ohlsson Investigation of central versus peripheral effects of estradiol in ovariectomized mice J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2005; 187(2): 303 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Ishibashi, T. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Moriya, C. Kaneko, T. Nakata, M. Sunamori, M. Handa, T. Kondo, and H. Sasano Estrogen Inhibits Cell Proliferation through In situ Production in Human Thymoma Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2005; 11(18): 6495 - 6504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K-M Rau, H-Y Kang, T-L Cha, S A Miller, and M-C Hung The mechanisms and managements of hormone-therapy resistance in breast and prostate cancers Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2005; 12(3): 511 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Vera, M. Galisteo, I. C. Villar, M. Sanchez, A. Zarzuelo, F. Perez-Vizcaino, and J. Duarte Soy Isoflavones Improve Endothelial Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats in an Estrogen-Independent Manner: Role of Nitric-Oxide Synthase, Superoxide, and Cyclooxygenase Metabolites J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2005; 314(3): 1300 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E.V. Younglai, Y.J. Wu, T.K. Kwan, and C.-Y. Kwan Non-genomic action of estradiol and progesterone on cytosolic calcium concentrations in primary cultures of human granulosa-lutein cells Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2005; 20(9): 2383 - 2390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Pelzer, V. Jazbutyte, K. Hu, S. Segerer, M. Nahrendorf, P. Nordbeck, A. W. Bonz, J. Muck, K.-H. Fritzemeier, C. Hegele-Hartung, et al. The estrogen receptor-{alpha} agonist 16{alpha}-LE2 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and improves hemodynamic function in estrogen-deficient spontaneously hypertensive rats Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2005; 67(4): 604 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Fritah, C. Saucier, J. Mester, G. Redeuilh, and M. Sabbah p21WAF1/CIP1 Selectively Controls the Transcriptional Activity of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2005; 25(6): 2419 - 2430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Ohnemus, M. Uenalan, F. Conrad, B. Handjiski, L. Mecklenburg, M. Nakamura, J. Inzunza, J.-A. Gustafsson, and R. Paus Hair Cycle Control by Estrogens: Catagen Induction via Estrogen Receptor (ER)-{alpha} Is Checked by ER{beta} Signaling Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1214 - 1225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Hershberger, A. C. Vasquez, B. Kanterewicz, S. Land, J. M. Siegfried, and M. Nichols Regulation of Endogenous Gene Expression in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Estrogen Receptor Ligands Cancer Res., February 15, 2005; 65(4): 1598 - 1605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Karl, M. Potier, I. H. Schulman, A. Rivera, H. Werner, A. Fornoni, and S. J. Elliot Autocrine Activation of the Local Insulin-Like Growth Factor I System Is Up-Regulated by Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Independent Estrogen Actions and Accounts for Decreased ER Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Mesangial Cells Endocrinology, February 1, 2005; 146(2): 889 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. McDonnell The Molecular Pharmacology of Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Implications for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 11(2): 871s - 877s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. K. Dubey, E. K. Jackson, D. G. Gillespie, M. Rosselli, F. Barchiesi, A. Krust, H. Keller, L. C. Zacharia, and B. Imthurn Cytochromes 1A1/1B1- and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase-Derived Metabolites Mediate Estradiol-Induced Antimitogenesis in Human Cardiac Fibroblast J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 247 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-W. Jung, E.-J. Hong, K.-C. Choi, and E.-B. Jeung Novel Progestogenic Activity of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in the Upregulation of Calbindin-D9k in an Immature Mouse Model Toxicol. Sci., January 1, 2005; 83(1): 78 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Zierau, J. O'Sullivan, C. Morrissey, D. McDonald, W. Wunsche, M. R Schneider, M. P Tenniswood, and G. Vollmer Tamoxifen exerts agonistic effects on clusterin and complement C3 gene expression in RUCA-I primary xenografts and metastases but not normal uterus Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2004; 11(4): 823 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Tobias Recent advances in endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: implications for treatment and prevention Ann. Onc., December 1, 2004; 15(12): 1738 - 1747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. A. Mohamed, D. Dufort, and H. J. Clarke Expression and Estradiol Regulation of Wnt Genes in the Mouse Blastocyst Identify a Candidate Pathway for Embryo-Maternal Signaling at Implantation Biol Reprod, August 1, 2004; 71(2): 417 - 424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-Y. Tang, H.-Y. Lin, S. Zhang, F. B. Davis, and P. J. Davis Thyroid Hormone Causes Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Phosphorylation of the Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3265 - 3272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-F. Chen and M.-S. Wong Genistein Enhances Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2351 - 2359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Howell, J. F.R. Robertson, P. Abram, M. R. Lichinitser, R. Elledge, E. Bajetta, T. Watanabe, C. Morris, A. Webster, I. Dimery, et al. Comparison of Fulvestrant Versus Tamoxifen for the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women Previously Untreated With Endocrine Therapy: A Multinational, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2004; 22(9): 1605 - 1613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hoffmann, R. Bohlmann, N. Heinrich, H. Hofmeister, J. Kroll, H. Kunzer, R. B. Lichtner, Y. Nishino, K. Parczyk, G. Sauer, et al. Characterization of New Estrogen Receptor Destabilizing Compounds: Effects on Estrogen-Sensitive and Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, February 4, 2004; 96(3): 210 - 218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J-C Lambert, N Coyle, and C Lendon The allelic modulation of apolipoprotein E expression by oestrogen: potential relevance for Alzheimer's disease J. Med. Genet., February 1, 2004; 41(2): 104 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B. Nothnick, X. Zhang, and H.-E Zhou Steroidal Regulation of Uterine Edema and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 Messenger RNA Expression Is Altered in TIMP-1-Deficient Mice Biol Reprod, February 1, 2004; 70(2): 500 - 508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Jablonski, N. A. McConnell, F. M. Hughes Jr., and Y. M. Huet-Hudson Estrogen Regulation of Aquaporins in the Mouse Uterus: Potential Roles in Uterine Water Movement Biol Reprod, November 1, 2003; 69(5): 1481 - 1487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lu, A. Pierron, and K. Ravid An Adenosine Analogue, IB-MECA, Down-Regulates Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and Suppresses Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation Cancer Res., October 1, 2003; 63(19): 6413 - 6423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Booth, M. Marchesi, E. J. Kilbourne, and B. R. Lucchesi 17{beta}-Estradiol as a Receptor-Mediated Cardioprotective Agent J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2003; 307(1): 395 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Carroll, D. K. Lynch, A. Swarbrick, J.-M. Renoir, B. Sarcevic, R. J. Daly, E. A. Musgrove, and R. L. Sutherland p27Kip1 Induces Quiescence and Growth Factor Insensitivity in Tamoxifen-treated Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 63(15): 4322 - 4326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Calhoun, R. F. Pommier, P. Muller, W. S. Fletcher, and S. Toth-Fejel Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Causes Proliferation of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Despite Treatment With Fulvestrant Arch Surg, August 1, 2003; 138(8): 879 - 883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
