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Elevated Levels of Transforming Growth Factor ß Messenger RNA and Its Polypeptide in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553 [N. I., S. K., S. T., K. T., Y. S., S. K., S. T.], and Ohtemae General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540 [I. Y., Y. M., M. N.], Japan

Malignant cells in culture express elevated levels of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) mRNA and secrete an abundant amount of TGF-ß protein, but little is known about the production of TGF-ß in human malignant tissues in vivo. We estimated the levels of TGF-ß1 mRNA expression by Northern hybridization and measured TGF-ß protein using a radioreceptor assay in tumor tissues surgically obtained from six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TGF-ß1 mRNA was expressed at much higher levels in HCC tissues from all the cases compared with normal human liver, suggesting an association of the activated TGF-ß1 gene transcription with hepatocarcinogenesis. The content of TGF-ß was 207 ± 121 ng/g wet tissue in the HCC tissue, and it showed correlation with the level of TGF-ß1 mRNA in the tissue (r = 0.69; P < 0.05). An immunohistochemical study demonstrated that TGF-ß1 staining could be observed in HCC cells. These observations suggest that human HCC strongly expresses TGF-ß1 mRNA in vivo, leading to a high content of TGF-ß protein.

¹ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 9/24/91. Accepted 5/17/91.

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