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Induction of Growth Factor RNA Expression in Human Malignant Melanoma: Markers of Transformation¹

Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Transformation [A. P. A., B. M. D., D. M. N.], Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Division of Solid Tumor Oncology [D. M. N.], Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021

Alteration in the expression of growth factors is widely accepted as being one of several critical defects in the generation of the malignant cell. In the present study, 19 human metastatic melanoma cell lines were compared to 14 normal human foreskin melanocyte cell lines for the production of RNA transcripts specific for 11 different growth factors. Using the extremely sensitive technique of polymerase chain reaction to amplify growth factor-specific complementary DNAs, we analyzed the following: transforming growth factor (TGF) types , ß₁, ß₂, and ß₃, acidic (a) fibroblast growth factor (FGF), basic (b) FGF, FGF-5, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), HST, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) types A and B. There were clear distinctions among the patterns of growth factor RNA expression by normal melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells. The prototypic melanocyte pattern of expression included TGFß₁, TGFß₃, and KGF. A subset of melanocyte cell lines also expressed PDGFA transcripts. In contrast, melanoma cells characteristically expressed RNA transcripts of TGFß₁, TGFß₂, TGFß₃, TGF, bFGF, KGF, and PDGFA. Subsets of melanoma cell lines also expressed aFGF, FGF-5, and PDGFB. The results presented indicated that TGFß₂, TGF, and bFGF may be particularly important in melanomagenesis and that these, as well as FGF-5, aFGF, and PDGFB, can be used as markers of transformation in this tumor type.

¹ This investigation was supported by USPHS Grant CA-37907 awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Transformation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021.

Received 2/26/91. Accepted 7/ 8/91.

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