This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Albino, A. P. Articles by Nanus, D. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Albino, A. P. Articles by Nanus, D. M.

Induction of Growth Factor RNA Expression in Human Malignant Melanoma: Markers of Transformation¹

Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Transformation [A. P. A., B. M. D., D. M. N.], Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Division of Solid Tumor Oncology [D. M. N.], Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021

Alteration in the expression of growth factors is widely accepted as being one of several critical defects in the generation of the malignant cell. In the present study, 19 human metastatic melanoma cell lines were compared to 14 normal human foreskin melanocyte cell lines for the production of RNA transcripts specific for 11 different growth factors. Using the extremely sensitive technique of polymerase chain reaction to amplify growth factor-specific complementary DNAs, we analyzed the following: transforming growth factor (TGF) types , ß₁, ß₂, and ß₃, acidic (a) fibroblast growth factor (FGF), basic (b) FGF, FGF-5, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), HST, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) types A and B. There were clear distinctions among the patterns of growth factor RNA expression by normal melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells. The prototypic melanocyte pattern of expression included TGFß₁, TGFß₃, and KGF. A subset of melanocyte cell lines also expressed PDGFA transcripts. In contrast, melanoma cells characteristically expressed RNA transcripts of TGFß₁, TGFß₂, TGFß₃, TGF, bFGF, KGF, and PDGFA. Subsets of melanoma cell lines also expressed aFGF, FGF-5, and PDGFB. The results presented indicated that TGFß₂, TGF, and bFGF may be particularly important in melanomagenesis and that these, as well as FGF-5, aFGF, and PDGFB, can be used as markers of transformation in this tumor type.

¹ This investigation was supported by USPHS Grant CA-37907 awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Transformation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021.

Received 2/26/91. Accepted 7/ 8/91.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. Rothhammer, I. Poser, F. Soncin, F. Bataille, M. Moser, and A.-K. Bosserhoff Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Overexpressed in Malignant Melanoma and Promote Cell Invasion and Migration Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 65(2): 448 - 456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Hoek, D. L. Rimm, K. R. Williams, H. Zhao, S. Ariyan, A. Lin, H. M. Kluger, A. J. Berger, E. Cheng, E. S. Trombetta, et al. Expression Profiling Reveals Novel Pathways in the Transformation of Melanocytes to Melanomas Cancer Res., August 1, 2004; 64(15): 5270 - 5282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Denkins, J. Reiland, M. Roy, N. D. Sinnappah-Kang, J. Galjour, B. P. Murry, J. Blust, R. Aucoin, and D. Marchetti Brain metastases in melanoma: Roles of neurotrophins Neuro-oncol, April 1, 2004; 6(2): 154 - 165. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S R Boyd, D S W Tan, L de Souza, M H Neale, N E Myatt, R A Alexander, M Robb, J L Hungerford, and I A Cree Uveal melanomas express vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor and support endothelial cell growth Br J Ophthalmol, April 1, 2002; 86(4): 440 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Graeven, U. Rodeck, S. Karpinski, M. Jost, S. Philippou, and W. Schmiegel Modulation of Angiogenesis and Tumorigenicity of Human Melanocytic Cells by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 61(19): 7282 - 7290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Berking, R. Takemoto, K. Satyamoorthy, R. Elenitsas, and M. Herlyn Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Ultraviolet B Transform Melanocytes in Human Skin Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2001; 158(3): 943 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Usmani, R. Shen, M. Janeczko, C. N. Papandreou, W.-H. Lee, W. G. Nelson, J. B. Nelson, and D. M. Nanus Methylation of the Neutral Endopeptidase Gene Promoter in Human Prostate Cancers Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2000; 6(5): 1664 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Bellone, A. Turletti, E. Artusio, K. Mareschi, A. Carbone, D. Tibaudi, A. Robecchi, G. Emanuelli, and U. Rodeck Tumor-Associated Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and Interleukin-10 Contribute to a Systemic Th2 Immune Phenotype in Pancreatic Carcinoma Patients Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 1999; 155(2): 537 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-H. Yang, C. Vogel, and J. Abel A malignant transformation of human cells by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exhibits altered expressions of growth regulatory factors Carcinogenesis, January 1, 1999; 20(1): 13 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Takahashi, T. Kubo, Y. Arai, I. Kitajima, M. Takigawa, J. Imanishi, and Y. Hirasawa Hydrostatic pressure induces expression of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha  mRNAs in a chondrocyte-like cell line Ann Rheum Dis, April 1, 1998; 57(4): 231 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Kojima, A. Matsuhisa, M. Shiwa, Y. Kamide, M. Nakamura, T. Ohno, and H. Moriyama Expression of Messenger RNA for Keratinocyte Growth Factor in Human Cholesteatoma Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, February 1, 1996; 122(2): 157 - 160. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. R. Thomas, E. E. Tubb, R. B. Sessions, and K. J. Cullen Growth Factor mRNA Expression in Human Head and Neck Malignant Tumors Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, November 1, 1993; 119(11): 1247 - 1252. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Ma, Z. Xing, B. Liu, N. G. Pedigo, S. G. Zimmer, Z. Bai, E. H. Postel, and D. M. Kaetzel NM23-H1 and NM23-H2 Repress Transcriptional Activities of Nuclease-hypersensitive Elements in the Platelet-derived Growth Factor-A Promoter J. Biol. Chem., January 4, 2002; 277(2): 1560 - 1567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]