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Pharmacokinetics of Pyrazoloacridine in the Rhesus Monkey

Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892

Pyrazoloacridine is a rationally synthesized acridine derivative with in vitro activity against solid tumor cell lines, noncycling and hypoxic cells, and tumor cell lines that exhibit the multidrug resistance phenotype. The pharmacokinetic behavior of pyrazoloacridine after a 1- or 24-h i.v. infusion was studied in 5 rhesus monkeys that received a total of 10 courses of pyrazoloacridine at 300 or 600 mg/m². Pyrazoloacridine levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. For 1-h infusions, the plasma disappearance was biexponential with a t_1/2 of 31 min and t_1/2ß of 11 h. The mean volume of distribution at steady state was 1380 liters/m². The clearance was 1660 ml/min/m². For the 300 mg/m² dose, the mean area under the concentration-time curve was 759 µM·min, and the mean peak concentration was 1.3 µM. For the 600 mg/m² dose, the area under the concentration-time curve was 1330 µM·min, and the peak concentration was 2.5 µM. The steady-state plasma concentrations during the 24-h continuous infusions were 0.27 µM for the 300 mg/m² dose and 0.45 µM for the 600 mg/m² dose. The mean clearance calculated from these steady-state concentrations was 2420 ml/min/m². Cerebrospinal fluid levels were <0.1 µM for all doses and schedules. There was no evidence of toxicity at any dose or schedule. These results contrast strikingly with those obtained in mice and dogs in which, despite a more rapid clearance of pyrazoloacridine, significant toxicities were observed at doses that were nontoxic in the monkey. These interspecies differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of pyrazoloacridine have important implications for the design of Phase I trials in humans.

¹ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 13N240, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Received 5/ 2/91. Accepted 7/30/91.

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