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Department of Epidemiology [W. F. A., G. M. M.] and Biochemistry [M. A. H., L. G.], The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, and Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [E. R. F.], Baltimore, Maryland 21205
A method for measuring nucleotide excision repair in response to UV irradiation and chemical-induced DNA damage has been developed, validated, and field tested in cultured human lymphocytes. The methodology is amenable to population-based screening and should facilitate future epidemiological studies seeking to investigate associations between DNA repair proficiency and cancer susceptibility. The impetus for such endeavors derives from the suggestion that the high incidence of skin cancer in the genetic disorder xeroderma pigmentosum is manifested as a result of the reduced capacity of patients' cells to repair DNA damaged by UV-mimetic agents.
For the assay, damaged, nonreplicating, recombinant plasmid DNA harboring a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene is introduced into lymphocytes by using a DEAE-dextran/DNA complex short-term transfection conditions. Excision repair of the damaged bacterial cat gene is monitored proportionately as a function of reactivated CAT enzyme activity following a 40-h repair/expression incubation period.
The validity of the approach was indicated by the ability of the assay to discriminate xeroderma pigmentosum virus-transformed lymphocyte cell lines of both severe (complementation groups A and D) and moderate (complementation group C) excision repair deficiencies from repair-proficient cell lines. Similar results were observed when a mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte culture from an xeroderma pig-mentosum A patient was assayed concurrently with mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from healthy individuals.
Adaption of this DNA repair assay as a field test in a pilot-tested select group of basal cell carcinoma patients and cancer-free controls led to the preliminary identification of a specific subset at risk for this disease as a consequence of significant reduction to the repair of photochemically (UV)-damaged plasmid DNA.
1 This work was supported by grants to W. F. A. (NIH, RO1, CA-45262) and L. G. (NIH, RO1-GM22846 and GM-31110 and DOE, DE-FG02-86R60396). Initial feasibility studies were supported by the Environmental Protection Agency (CR-813032).
2 Present address: Division of Disease Prevention, Office of Risk Assessment and Investigation, Phoenix, AZ 85012-5860.
3 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.
Received 5/23/91. Accepted 8/ 7/91.
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