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The Breast Tumor-associated Epitope Defined by Monoclonal Antibody 3E1.2 Is an O-linked Mucin Carbohydrate Containing N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid

Medical Innovations Limited, Labrador, Queensland [P. L. D., B. A. C., G. W. B., G. T. L.]; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland [B. G. W.]; Bond University Research Park, Gold Coast [P. F. A.]; and Research Centre for Cancer and Transplantation, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria [I. F. C. M.]; Australia

The breast cancer-associated epitope (mammary serum antigen or MSA) defined by monoclonal antibody (Mab) 3E1.2 is a neuraminidase-sensitive carbohydrate expressed on MUC-1-encoded molecules. However, the reactivity of Mab 3E1.2 is also reduced by protease treatment of the mucin, which suggests that 3E1.2 binds to multimers of the sialylated carbohydrate in a protein conformation-dependent manner. The common N-acetyl derivative of neuraminic acid (5-acetylneuraminic acid) is not involved in the epitope, since lectins specific for 5-acetylneuraminic acid (linked to GalNAc or Gal) are nonreactive with MSA-positive molecules. However, the N-glycolyl derivative, 5-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), forms a major part of the epitope since both free Neu5Gc and porcine stomach mucin (>90% neuraminic acid as Neu5Gc) inhibit the binding of Mab 3E1.2, while bovine or ovine submaxillary mucins, fetuin, bovine gangliosides, and other carbohydrates do not. Indeed, the presence of Neu5Gc on human tumor mucin was confirmed by electrospray mass spectrometry. Neu5Gc is attached to an O-linked carbohydrate, since the expression of MSA by MCF-7 breast cancer cells is inhibited by the O-glycosylation inhibitor phenyl-N-acetyl--D-galactosaminide, but not by the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, and the epitope is removed by treatment with O-glycanase but not N-glycanase F, endoglycosidase F, or endoglycosidase H, which are specific for N-linked glycans. This is likely to be a core glycan since 3E1.2 reacts after treatment of the mucin with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, which removes most backbone and peripheral carbohydrates. Treatment with galactosidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase enhances the binding of Mab 3E1.2, indicating that the Neu5Gc is not attached to galactose or N-acetyl galactosamine. Furthermore, the susceptibility of MSA to treatment with Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase [which is specific for (2–6)-linked NeuNAc] and the loss in reactivity of GalNAc-specific lectins after periodate oxidation [(2–3)-linked but not (2–6)-linked NeuNAc protects GalNAc from periodate oxidation] indicate that the Neu5Gc may be attached (2–6) to peptide-linked GalNAc. These results show that MSA is a Neu5Gc-containing O-linked core glycan, which represents a unique tumor-associated epitope not previously identified on human mucins.

¹ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Medical Innovations Limited, 11 Technology Drive, Labrador, Queensland, Australia 4215.

Received 6/ 7/91. Accepted 8/26/91.

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