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[Cancer Research 51, 6110-6117, November 15, 1991]
© 1991 American Association for Cancer Research
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Action of 2',2'-Difluorodeoxycytidine on DNA Synthesis1

Peng Huang, Sherri Chubb, Larry W. Hertel, Gerald B. Grindey and William Plunkett2

Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 [P. H., S. C., W. P.], and Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis IN 46285 [L. W. H., G. B. G.]

The action of the new deoxycytidine analogue 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC) on DNA synthesis was investigated in whole cells and in vitro assay systems with purified DNA polymerases. DNA synthesis in human lymphoblastoid CEM cells was inhibited by dFdC in a concentration-dependent manner that could not be reversed by exogenous deoxynucleosides. The analogue was incorporated into cellular DNA; most of the incorporated dFdC 5'-monophosphate (dFdCMP) residues were in internucleotide linkage. In vitro DNA primer extension assays demonstrated that dFdC 5'-triphosphate (dFdCTP) competed with deoxycytidine triphosphate for incorporation into the C sites of the growing DNA strand. The ratios of the apparent Km values for the incorporation of dFdCTP and dCTP into a C site of M13mp19 DNA were 21.8 and 22.9 for DNA polymerases {alpha} and {varepsilon}, respectively. The apparent Kl values of dFdCTP were 11.2 µM for DNA polymerase {alpha} and 14.4 µM for polymerase {varepsilon}. After dFdCMP incorporation, the primer was extended by one deoxynucleotide before a major pause in the polymerization process was observed. This was in contrast to the action of arabinosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate, which caused both DNA polymerases {alpha} and {varepsilon} to pause at the site of incorporation. The 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase {varepsilon} was essentially unable to excise nucleotides from DNA containing dFdCMP at either the 3'-end or at an internal position, whereas arabinosylcytosine monophosphate was removed from the 3'-terminus at 37% the rate for deoxynucleotides. The cytotoxic activity of dFdC was strongly correlated with the amount of dFdCMP incorporated into cellular DNA. Our results demonstrate qualitative and quantitative differences in the molecular actions of dFdC and arabinosylcytosine on DNA metabolism, but are consistent with an important role for such incorporation in the toxicity of dFdC.

1 Supported in part by Grant CA28596 from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, and by Grant CH-130 from the American Cancer Society.

2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Medical Oncology, Box 52, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.

Received 5/23/91. Accepted 9/10/91.




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