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Modulation by Butylated Hydroxytoluene of Liver and Bladder Carcinogenesis Induced by Chronic Low-Level Exposure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene¹

American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595

The modulating effect of five dose levels of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on liver and bladder carcinogenesis induced in rats by concurrent exposure to 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was investigated. AAF at a low dose of 50 ppm was fed simultaneously with concentrations of 100, 300, 1000, 3000, or 6000 ppm BHT in the diet to male F344 rats for up to 76 weeks. By 12 weeks, AAF alone induced altered hepatocellular foci, identified by iron storage deficiency and -glutamyltranspeptidase activity. At subsequent time points of 24, 36, and 48 weeks, the number of foci progressively increased, and at the end of the study, the incidence of liver neoplasms was 100%, a new finding with such a low dose of AAF. Simultaneous feeding of BHT inhibited the induction of liver altered foci by AAF in a dose-related manner and reduced the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and the number of liver neoplasms per animal. Feeding of 6000 ppm BHT, but not of lower doses, together with AAF resulted in an increase in the incidence and multiplicity of bladder neoplasms, and 3000 ppm increased nodular hyperplasia of the bladder. These results suggest that the chemoprevention by BHT of cancer resulting from low-level long-term carcinogen exposure may be achieved at doses that do not produce adverse effects.

¹ Supported by Contract NO1-CP-05723 from the National Cancer Institute.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at the American Health Foundation, Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595.

³ Visiting scientist from the First Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

⁴ Visiting scientist from the Department of Oncological Pathology, Cancer Center, Nara Medical College, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.

⁵ Visiting scientist from the Department of Pathology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Received 4/10/91. Accepted 9/23/91.