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Mechanistic Studies of a Novel Class of Trisubstituted Platinum(II) Antitumor Agents¹

Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 [W. I. S., J. N. B., W. J. H-B., S. F. B., K. J. A., S. J. L.], and Engelhard Corporation, Research and Development, Menlo Park, Edison, New Jersey 08818 [L. S. H., A. R. A., E. W. S.]

Chemical and biological studies are presented for a new series of platinum(II) antitumor agents that violate the classical structure-activity relationships established for platinum complexes. These new agents, which have demonstrated activity against murine and human tumor systems, are cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(Am)Cl]⁺ cations, in which Am is a derivative of pyridine, pyrimidine, purine, or aniline. Members from this series block simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro and inhibit the action of DNA polymerases at individual guanine residues in replication mapping experiments. Monoclonal antibodies that bind selectively to cisplatin lesions on calf thymus DNA were used in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay study to show that the platinum-triamine complexes do not produce the type of intrastrand cross-links on DNA that are characteristic of cisplatin and analogues with the general formula cis-[Pt(amine)₂X₂]. These results indicate that cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(Am)Cl]⁺ cations form monofunctional adducts on DNA rather than eliminate NH₃ or Am to afford bifunctional lesions. This conclusion is further supported by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and enzymatic digestion analyses of the products of the reactions of these triamine complexes with d(GpG) and dG, which also reveal monofunctional binding. When cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(4-Br-pyridine)Cl]⁺ was allowed to stand in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C for 14 days, however, NH₄⁺ was released and trans-[Pt(NH₃)(4-Br-pyridine)Cl₂] formed concomitantly. This compound was characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, the details of which are reported. The fact that trans-[Pt(NH₃)(4-Br-pyridine)Cl₂] displays no anticancer activity, however, indicates that its formation from cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(4-Br-pyridine)Cl]⁺ is not a significant component of the mechanism of action of this platinum-triamine complex. Taken together, these findings indicate that the cytotoxicity of cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(Am)Cl]⁺ complexes most likely arises from the formation of monofunctional adducts. The DNA binding properties associated with this new class of antitumor agents suggest that they may display an activity profile different from that of cisplatin and related analogues.

¹ This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grant CA34992 (to S. J. L.) and in part by Engelhard Corporation. W. I. S. and S. F. B. are grateful to the Whitaker Health Science Fund for predoctoral fellowships. J. N. B. acknowledges the support of an American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellowship. W. J. H-B. acknowledges the support of National Cancer Institute Grant CA52127 to J. M. Essigmann.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 18-290, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Received 9/29/90. Accepted 1/24/91.

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