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Induction of Graft versus Leukemia Effect in Bone Marrow Transplantation: Dosage and Time Schedule Dependency of Interleukin 2 Therapy¹

Departments of Medicine [B. S. C., A. M.], Pathology [R. K. B., S. K.], and Preventive Medicine [S. G., S-C. C.], University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033

The present work is a continuation of our studies to improve the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect in autologous bone marrow transplantation. We have recently shown that the GVL effect of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with interleukin 2 (IL-2)-activated bone marrow (ABM) followed by IL-2 therapy immediately after BMT is superior to the GVL effect of BMT with fresh, syngeneic bone marrow, with or without IL-2 therapy, in mice with acute myeloid leukemia. The present studies show that institution of IL-2 treatment 1, 2, or 3 weeks after BMT with ABM resulted in shortening of survival and fall in cure rate as compared to IL-2 therapy instituted immediately after BMT with ABM. Increasing the dose of IL-2 did not improve results. However, reducing the frequency of IL-2 administration to once a day instead of twice a day affected the results adversely. Commencing IL-2 therapy 1, 2, or 3 weeks after BMT with fresh, syngeneic bone marrow did not improve the GVL effect as compared to IL-2 therapy started immediately after BMT with fresh, syngeneic bone marrow. Cryopreserved bone marrow was effectively activated with IL-2 and used successfully for BMT after thawing. The animals cured of leukemia by BMT with ABM and and IL-2 therapy were not resistant to leukemia and died when reinfused with leukemic cells. Our findings suggest that for optimum GVL effect, activation of bone marrow is necessary and IL-2 therapy should be started immediately after BMT with ABM.

¹ This work was supported by USPHS Grants CA42962, CA01222, and CA14089.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Norris Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Room 624, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033.

Received 8/23/90. Accepted 2/ 6/91.

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