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Response of Human Breast Cancer Cells to Heat Shock and Chemotherapeutic Drugs¹

University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7884 [D. R. C., S. A. W. F., S. L-L., W. L. M.]; The Mayo Clinic, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 [D. O. T.]; and University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, Lung Biology Center, San Francisco, California 94110 [W. J. W.]

Previous studies have shown that certain chemotherapeutic drugs are less effective on tumor cells when cells have been previously exposed to hyperthermia. In the present study, we have evaluated whether specific modifications in heat shock protein (hsp) expression are associated with resistance to anticancer drugs. RNA levels for hsp90, hsp70, and hsp27 were studied by Northern and slot blots, while proteins were studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in MCF-7/BK and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The sensitivities of these cells to doxorubicin, colchicine, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, actinomycin D, and methotrexate were tested by clonogenic assays. These techniques were applied to both cell lines before (control) and after heat shock. The study revealed that elevated hsp70 and hsp27 levels were associated with doxorubicin resistance. In addition, the presence of phosphorylated hsp27 isoforms was also associated with doxorubicin resistance. The study showed that elevated hsps were not associated with multidrug resistance. Heat shock did not induce P170 glycoprotein mRNA overexpression or resistance to the other drugs tested. We also found that the level of doxorubicin protection conferred by the overexpression of hsp was lower than that obtained in cells expressing a multidrug resistance phenotype (MDA-A₁^R cells). In these cells, heat shock did not confer additional doxorubicin resistance and hsp27 phosphorylation was deficient. Our studies suggest that specific hsps are associated with doxorubicin resistance in certain human breast cancer cells and that this mechanism seems to be independent of the multidrug resistance system.

¹ This work was supported by NIH Grant CA11378.

² Present address: Laboratorio de Reproduccion y Lactancia (LARLAC), C.C. 855, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.

³ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at The Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284-7884.

⁴ We regret to report that Dr. William L. McGuire died on March 25, 1992, after this manuscript was completed.

Received 11/18/91. Accepted 4/24/92.

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