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Phase II Preclinical Drug Screening in Human Tumor Xenografts: A First European Multicenter Collaborative Study¹

Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands [E. B.]; New Drug Development Office of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Amsterdam, the Netherlands [B. W.]; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany [D. P. B., H. H. F.]; Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium [M. P. D.]; Department of Otolaryngology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands [B. J. M. B.]; Department of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway [Ø. F.]; and Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland [S. L.]

In a European joint project carried out in 6 laboratories a disease-oriented program was set up consisting of a panel of 7 tumor types, each represented by 4 to 8 different human tumor lines, for secondary screening of promising anticancer drugs. Human tumor lines were selected on the basis of differences in histology, growth rate, and sensitivity to conventional cytostatic agents. Xenografts were grown s.c. in nude mice, and treatment was started when tumors reached a mean diameter of 6 mm in groups of mice where at least 6 tumors were evaluable. Drugs were given at the maximum tolerated dose. For evaluation of drug efficacy, median tumor growth curves were drawn, and specific growth delay and treated/control x 100% were calculated. Doxorubicin (8 mg/kg i.v. days 1 and 8) was effective (treated/control < 50%, and specific growth delay > 1.0) in 0 of 2 breast cancers, 1 of 3 colorectal cancers, 2 of 5 head and neck cancers, 3 of 6 non-small cell lung cancers, 4 of 6 small cell lung cancers, 0 of 3 melanomas, and 3 of 6 ovarian cancer lines. Amsacrine (8 mg/kg i.v. days 1 and 8) was not effective, while datelliptium (35 mg/kg i.p. days 1 and 8) was active against 2 of 6 small cell lung cancer lines. Brequinar sodium (50 mg/kg i.p. days 1–5) showed efficacy in 4 of 5 head and neck cancers, 5 of 8 non-small cell lung cancers, and 4 of 5 small cell lung cancer lines. The project has been shown to be a feasible approach. Clinical activity for doxorubicin and inactivity for amsacrine against solid tumor types was confirmed in the human tumor xenograft panel. Additional anticancer drugs will be studied in the European joint project to further define the reliability is this novel, promising screening approach.

¹ Supported by Dupont de Nemours International, Geneva, Switzerland, and Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at the Free University Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

³ Present address: Bristol Myers-Squibb, Brussels, Belgium.

⁴ Present address: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Cedex, France.

Received 3/25/92. Accepted 8/25/92.

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