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²H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor Blood Flow: Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in a Tissue-isolated Mammary Adenocarcinoma¹

Departments of Chemical Engineering [C. J. E., M. M. D.] and Biological Sciences [A. P. K.], Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research [C. J. E., A. P. K.], Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 [R. K. J.]

²H-Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of deuteron accumulation in tissue following an i.v. bolus of deuterium oxide provides a noninvasive means of constructing maps of tissue perfusion. With a measured arterial input function and a simple model for tissue-capillary exchange, these data can provide quantitative estimates of local flow. This technique was tested in rat brain and then applied to the study of spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation of blood flow in the tissue-isolated R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma. Global flow from the brain averaged 0.96 ml/min-g, in good agreement with results obtained from other methods; the perfusion of brain was relatively homogeneous. Global tumor blood flow averaged 0.32 ml/min·g, ranging from 0.11 to 0.96 ml/min·g. Imaging revealed variations in perfusion both within and between the tumors that far exceeded those expected from brain flow heterogeneity and uncertainty in the flow estimates. By obtaining repeated flow images at 30-min intervals, it was possible to show that the regional blood flow shifted with time in single pixels and in multipixel regions. These experiments show that ²H-nuclear magnetic resonance may be useful in obtaining noninvasive and quantitative measurement of temporal blood flow changes in a solid tumor in vivo.

¹ Supported by National Cancer Institute Grant CA37239 (to R. K. J.) and NIH Regional Resources Grant I P41 RR03631 (to Pittsburgh NMR Center). We are grateful to the Richard King Mellon Foundation, the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust, the Ben Franklin Partnership Program of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the Ralph M. Parsons Foundation for providing financial support for the establishment of the Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research. Portions of this work were presented at the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Ninth Annual Meeting, New York, NY, August 18–24, 1990.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.

Received 4/24/92. Accepted 8/ 8/92.

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