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Association of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 and Bracken Fern with Bladder Cancer in Cattle¹

The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, CRC Beatson Laboratories [M. S. C., K. T. S.] and Department of Veterinary Pathology [W. F. H. J., R. B., B. W. O.], Glasgow University Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland

² CRC Fellow. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

The bladder cancer syndrome that often accompanies chronic enzootic hematuria in cattle grazing on pastures infested by bracken fern has been experimentally reproduced in animals fed a diet of bracken. The experimentally induced tumors were histologically and pathologically indistinguishable from the naturally occurring ones and comprised two main types: (a) carcinoma of the urothelium identical to that seen in humans; and (b) hemangioendotheliomas of the subjacent capillaries. Often the two types of tumor occurred together in the same bladder. In animals experimentally immunosuppressed with azathioprine "bracken type" hemangiomas developed in the bladder lining. DNA of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) type 2 was found in 46% (7 of 15) of the natural cancer cases and in 69% (9 of 13) of the experimentally induced lesions, independently of histological type and including the hemangiomas of the azathioprine-treated animals, suggesting a close association between BPV and bovine bladder neoplasia. Moreover, BPV-2 DNA was found in experimental animals that had not been inoculated with BPV at all or had been inoculated with a different BPV type and had been kept in isolation, suggesting that BPV can persist in a latent state and be activated when the animal is exposed to the bracken cocarcinogens and to immunosuppressants.

¹ Thanks are due to the Cancer Research Campaign for continuous financial support.

³ Present address: Quality Biotech, West of Scotland Science Park, Kelvin Campus, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, Scotland.

The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Received 6/26/92. Accepted 10/ 6/92.

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