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p53 Mutations in Human Lung Tumors¹

Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 [C. W. M., K. S., A. A., K. K., H. P. K.]; Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukii 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan [J. Y., M. T.]; and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, Antonious Deusinglaan 4, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands [C. H. C. M. B.]

Mutation of one p53 allele and loss of the normal p53 allele [loss of heterozygosity (LOH)] occur in many tumors including lung cancers. These alterations apparently contribute to development of cancer by interfering with the tumor suppressor activity of p53. We directly sequenced amplified DNA in the mutational hot spots (exons 4–8) of p53 in DNA samples from 40 lung cancers. Most (31 of 40) samples were preselected for LOH in the region of p53. We detected 23 p53 mutations within these exons in 22 lung cancers; no p53 mutations were found in normal tissue of the patients. One-half of the mutations were G to T transversions on the nontranscribed strand, consistent with mutagenesis by tobacco smoke. Mutations of C to A on the nontranscribed strand, which would result from G to T mutations on the transcribed strand, were detected only in one sample. Three of 23 mutations were nonsense mutations; to date, nonsense mutations of p53 have not been reported in lung cancer. Mutation of this p53-coding region was detected in 20 of 27 small cell lung cancer samples, representing a 70% occurrence. Mutation of the p53 gene is apparently very frequent in small cell lung cancers. When LOH in the p53 region could be determined, complete concordance occurred between a sample having both a p53 mutation and LOH in the region of p53 (18 of 18 samples). Twelve samples of lung cancer had LOH in the region of p53, but the samples had no detectable p53 mutations, suggesting either alterations outside the known mutational hot spots of p53 or alterations of another unidentified tumor suppressor gene in the region of p53.

¹ Supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Grants DK42792, CA26038-11, CA42710, CA32737, and IRT370, the Weisz Family Foundation, 4E Leukemia Fund in memory of Marilyn Levine, and the Relators of Real Estate Industry Division, and, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid for 10-Year Strategy Cancer Control from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at UCLA Division of Hematology/Oncology, 11–240 Factor Building, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1678.

Received 8/ 7/91. Accepted 1/23/92.

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